What is Data Driven Testing? Learn to create Framework

Data Driven Testing

Data Driven Testing is a software testing method in which test data is stored in table or spreadsheet format. Data driven testing allows testers to input a single test script that can execute tests for all test data from a table and expect the test output in the same table. It is also called table-driven testing or parameterized testing.

Data Driven Framework

Data Driven Framework is an automation testing framework in which input values are read from data files and stored into variables in test scripts. It enables testers to build both positive and negative test cases into a single test. Input data in data driven framework can be stored in single or multiple data sources like .xls, .xml, .csv and databases.

Why Data Driven Testing?

Data Driven Testing is important because testers frequently have multiple data sets for a single test and creating individual tests for each data set can be time-consuming. Data driven testing helps keeping data separate from test scripts and the same test scripts can be executed for different combinations of input test data and test results can be generated efficiently.

Example:

For example, we want to test the login system with multiple input fields with 1000 different data sets.

To test this, you can take following different approaches:

Approach 1) Create 1000 scripts one for each dataset and runs each test separately one by one.

Approach 2) Manually change the value in the test script and run it several times.

Approach 3) Import the data from the excel sheet. Fetch test data from excel rows one by one and execute the script.

In the given three scenarios first two are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, it is ideal to follow the third approach.

Thus, the third approach is nothing but a Data-Driven framework.

How to create a Data Driven Automation Framework

Consider you want to Test Login functionality of an application.

Step 1) Identify the Test Cases

• Input Correct username and password – Login Success
• Input incorrect username and correct password – Login Failure
• Input correct username and incorrect password – Login Failure

Step 2) Create detailed test Steps for above 3 Test Cases

Test Case#	Description	Test Steps	Test Data	Expected Results
1	Check Login for valid credentials	Launch the application Enter Username password Click Okay Check Results	Username: valid password: valid	Login Success
2	Check Login for invalid credentials	Launch the application Enter Username password Click Okay Check Results	Username: invalid password: valid	Login Fail
3	Check Login for invalid credentials	Launch the application Enter Username password Click Okay Check Results	Username: valid password: invalid	Login Fail

Step 3) Create Test Script

If you observe the Test Steps Remain common through the 3 Test Steps. You need to create a Test Script to execute these steps

// This is Pseudo Code 

// Test Step 1: Launch Application 
driver.get("URL of the Application");  

// Test Step 2: Enter Username 
txtbox_username.sendKeys("valid"); 

// Test Step 3: Enter Password 
txtbox_password.sendKeys("invalid"); 

// Test Step 4: Check Results 
If (Next Screen) print success else Fail

Step 4) Create an excel/csv with the Input Test Data

Step 5) Step Modify the Scrip to Loop over Input Test Data. The input commands should also be parameterized

// This is Pseudo Code
// Loop 3 Times
for (i = 0; i & lt; = 3; i++) {
    // Read data from Excel and store into variables
    int input_1 = ReadExcel(i, 0);
    int input_2 = ReadExcel(i, 1);

    // Test Step 1: Launch Application
    driver.get("URL of the Application");

    // Test Step 2: Enter Username
    txtbox_username.sendKeys(input_1);
    // Test Step 3: Enter Password

    txtbox_password.sendKeys(input_2);
    // Test Step 4: Check Results
    If(Next Screen) print success
    else Fail
}

Above are just 3 test cases. The test script can be used to loop over following test cases just by appending test data values to Excel

• Input incorrect username and incorrect password – Login Fail
• Input correct username and password blank – Login Fail
• Input blank username and blank password– Login Fail

And so on

Best Data Driven Testing Tool

1) Testsigma

Testsigma is a cloud-based data-driven testing platform that I’ve found invaluable for maximizing test coverage by decoupling test logic from test data. It’s specifically designed for teams who need to validate applications against diverse datasets, edge cases, and business scenarios without creating redundant test scripts, streamlining the entire data-driven testing workflow.

During my data-driven testing projects, I leveraged Testsigma’s parameterization capabilities to execute identical test scenarios against multiple data combinations from external sources like Excel and CSV files. The platform’s ability to iterate through data rows automatically expanded my test coverage significantly, while granular reporting on data-level results helped me quickly identify which specific input combinations triggered failures across web, mobile, and API layers.

Features:

• External Data Source Integration: This feature enables direct connections to Excel spreadsheets, CSV files, and database tables for centralized test data management. It eliminates hardcoded values and allows you to maintain test data independently from test logic. You can update datasets without modifying test scripts, ensuring flexibility and maintainability. I use this to manage hundreds of data variations efficiently while keeping test scenarios clean and reusable.
• Automated Multi-Row Data Iteration: Testsigma automatically executes test scenarios across multiple data rows in a single test run, dramatically expanding coverage. You can validate numerous input combinations, boundary conditions, and business rule variations without duplicating test cases. This feature handles data sequencing and iteration logic transparently. I found this particularly effective for comprehensive regression testing with minimal script maintenance overhead.
• Dynamic Test Step Parameterization: It allows you to replace static values with dynamic parameters that pull data from external sources during execution. You can configure test steps to adapt to varying inputs, conditions, and expected outcomes based on dataset values. This feature supports complex data transformations and conditional logic. I rely on it to build flexible test scenarios that accommodate diverse business requirements and user workflows.
• Data-Level Execution Reporting: The platform generates detailed reports that break down test results by individual data combinations, showing exactly which inputs passed or failed. You can analyze patterns, identify problematic data ranges, and trace failures to specific dataset rows. This feature provides visual dashboards and exportable analytics for stakeholder communication. I recommend using these insights to prioritize data quality improvements and refine test data strategies.
• Cross-Platform Data-Driven Support: Testsigma extends data-driven capabilities across web, mobile, and API testing within unified workflows. You can apply the same datasets to validate consistency across different application layers and technologies. This feature ensures comprehensive end-to-end validation with parameterized data flows. I’ve used it to verify that backend data processing correctly reflects in frontend interfaces across multiple platforms simultaneously.

Pricing:

• Price: Custom pricing with data-driven testing capabilities included as part of the comprehensive subscription plan
• Free Trial: 14-Days Free Trial

Visit Testsigma >>

14-Days Free Trial

Best practices of Data Driven testing

Below given are Best testing practices for Data-Driven testing:

• It is ideal to use realistic information during the data-driven testing process
• Test flow navigation should be coded inside the test script
• Drive virtual APIs with meaningful data
• Use Data to Drive Dynamic Assertions
• Test positive as well as negative outcomes
• Repurpose Data Driven Functional Tests for Security and Performance

Advantages of Data-Driven testing

Data-Driven offer many advantages some of them are:

1. Allows to test application with multiple sets of data values during Regression testing
2. Test data and verification data can be organized in just one file, and it is separate from the test case logic.
3. Base on the tool, it is possible to have the test scripts in a single repository. This makes the texts easy to understand, maintain and manage.
4. Actions and Functions can be reused in different tests.
5. Some tools generate test data automatically. This is useful when large volumes of random test data are necessary, which helps to save the time.
6. Data-driven testing can perform any phase of the development. A data-driven test cares are generally merged in the single process. However, it can be used in multiple test cases.
7. Allows developers and testers to have clear separation for the logic of their test cases/scripts from the test data.
8. The same test cases can be executed several times which helps to reduce test case and scripts.
9. Any changes in the test script do not effect the test data

Disadvantages of Data Driven testing

Some Drawbacks of Data Driven Automation Testing method are:

1. Quality of the test is depended on the automation skills of the Implementing team
2. Data validation is a time-consuming task when testing large amount of data.
3. Maintenance is a big issue as large amount of coding needed for Data-Driven testing.
4. High-level technical skills are required. A tester may have to learn an entirely new scripting language.
5. There will be more documentation. Mostly related to scripts management tests infrastructure and testing results.
6. A text editor like Notepad is required to create and maintain data files.

Conclusion

• Data-driven is a test automation framework which stores test data in a table or spread spreadsheet format.
• In Data-driven test automation framework, input data can be stored in single or multiple data sources like xls, XML, csv, and databases.
• To create an individual test for each data set is a lengthy and time-consuming process. Data Driven Testing framework resolves this issue by keeping the data separate from Functional tests.
• In Data Driven Testing, it is an ideal option to use realistic information
• It allows testing application with multiple sets of data values during Regression testing
• Drawback of this method is that it is depended on the automation skills of the Implementing team