Static Vs Dynamic Testing: Difference Between Them

Difference Between Static and Dynamic Testing

• Static testing is done without executing the program whereas Dynamic testing is done by executing the program.
• Static testing checks the code, requirement documents, and design documents to find errors whereas Dynamic testing checks the functional behavior of software system, memory/CPU usage and overall performance of the system.
• Static testing is about the prevention of defects whereas Dynamic testing is about finding and fixing the defects.
• Static testing does the verification process while Dynamic testing does the validation process.
• Static testing is performed before compilation whereas Dynamic testing is performed after compilation.
• Static testing techniques are structural and statement coverage while Dynamic testing techniques are Boundary Value Analysis & Equivalence Partitioning.

What is Static Testing?

Static Testing is a type of software testing in which software application is tested without code execution. Manual or automated reviews of code, requirement documents and document design are done in order to find the errors. The main objective of static testing is to improve the quality of software applications by finding errors in early stages of software development process.

Static testing involves manual or automated reviews of the documents. This review is done during an initial phase of testing to catch Defect early in STLC. It examines work documents and provides review comments. It is also called Non-execution testing or verification testing.

Examples of Work documents-

• Requirement specifications
• Design document
• Source Code
• Test Plans
• Test Cases
• Test Scripts
• Help or User document
• Web Page content

Static Testing Techniques

• Informal Reviews: This is one of the type of review which doesn’t follow any process to find errors in the document. Under this technique, you just review the document and give informal comments on it.
• Technical Reviews: A team consisting of your peers, review the technical specification of the software product and checks whether it is suitable for the project. They try to find any discrepancies in the specifications and standards followed. This review concentrates mainly on the technical documentation related to the software such as Test Strategy, Test Plan and requirement specification documents.
• Walkthrough: The author of the work product explains the product to his team. Participants can ask questions if any. A meeting is led by the author. Scribe makes note of review comments
• Inspection: The main purpose is to find defects and meeting is led by a trained moderator. This review is a formal type of review where it follows a strict process to find the defects. Reviewers have a checklist to review the work products. They record the defect and inform the participants to rectify those errors.
• Static code Review: This is a systematic review of the software source code without executing the code. It checks the syntax of the code, coding standards, code optimization, etc. This is also termed as white box testing. This review can be done at any point during development.

What is Dynamic Testing?

Under Dynamic Testing, a code is executed. It checks for functional behavior of software system, memory/cpu usage and overall performance of the system. Hence the name “Dynamic”

The main objective of this testing is to confirm that the software product works in conformance with the business requirements. This testing is also called an Execution technique or validation testing.

Dynamic testing executes the software and validates the output with the expected outcome. Dynamic testing is performed at all levels of testing and it can be either black or white box testing.

Dynamic Testing Techniques

• Unit Testing: Under Unit Testing, individual units or modules are tested by the developers. It involves testing of source code by developers.
• Integration Testing: Individual modules are grouped together and tested by the developers. The purpose is to determine what modules are working as expected once they are integrated.
• System Testing: System Testing is performed on the whole system by checking whether the system or application meets the requirement specification document.

Also, Non-functional testing like performance, Security Testing fall under the category of dynamic testing.

Static Testing Vs. Dynamic Testing