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Big Data Hadoop Tutorial for Beginners: Learn in 7 Days!
Training Summary BigData is the latest buzzword in the IT Industry. Apache’s Hadoop is a leading Big...
Before we learn Embedded System, lets learn:
A system is an arrangement where all its component work according to the specific defined rules. It is a method of organizing, working, or performing one or more tasks according to a fixed plan.
Embedded System is a combination of computer software and hardware which is either fixed in capability or programmable. An embedded system can be either an independent system, or it can be a part of a large system. It is mostly designed for a specific function or functions within a larger system. For example, a fire alarm is a common example of an embedded system which can sense only smoke.
In this Embedded Systems tutorial, you will learn:
Laser Printers are one of the examples of Embedded Systems which uses embedded systems to manage various aspect of the printing. Apart from performing the main task of printing, it has to take user inputs, manage communication with the computer system, to handle faults, and sense papers left on the tray, etc.
Here, the main task of the microprocessor is to understand the text and control the printing head in such a way that it discharges ink where it is needed.
To perform this, it needs to decode the different files given to it and understand the font and graphics. It will consume substantial CPU time to process the data as well as it has to take user inputs, control motors, etc.
Here, are important milestones from the history of embedded system:
Following are important characteristics of an embedded system:
Now in this Embedded Systems tutorial, we will cover some important terms used in embedded system.
This measure of the survival probability of the system when the function is critical during the run time.
Fault-Tolerance is the capability of a computer system to survive in the presence of faults.
Embedded system must meet various timing and other constraints. They are imposed on it by the real-time natural behavior of the external world.
For example, an airforce department which keeps track of incoming missile attacks must precisely calculate and plan their counter-attack due to hard real-time deadline. Otherwise, it'll get destroyed.
It's building systems with built-in debugging opportunities which allows remote maintenance.
For example, you are building a spacecraft which will land on another planter to collect various types of data and send collected detail back to us. If this spacecraft went insane and lost the control, we should be able to make some important diagnostic. So, flexibility is vital while designing an embedded system.
Portability is a measure of the ease of using the same embedded software in various environments. It requires generalized abstractions between the application program logic itself and the low-level system interfaces.
A microcontroller is a single-chip VLSI unit which is also called microcomputer. It contains all the memory and I/O interfaces needed, whereas a general-purpose microprocessor needs additional chips to offered by these necessary functions. Microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems for real-time control applications.
A microprocessor is a single chip semiconductor device. Its CPU contains a program counter, an ALU a stack pointer, working register, a clock timing circuit. It also includes ROM and RAM, memory decoder, and many serial and parallel ports.
Below is basic architecture of the Embedded System:
Sensor helps you to measures the physical quantity and converts it to an electrical signal. It also stores the measured quantity to the memory. This signal can be ready by an observer or by any electronic instrument such as A2D converter.
A-D converter (analog-to-digital converter) allows you to convert an analog signal sent by the sensor into a digital signal.
Memory is used to store information. Embedded System majorly contains two memory cells 1) Volatile 2) Non volatile memory.
This component processes the data to measure the output and store it to the memory.
D-A converter (A digital-to-analog converter) helps you to convert the digital data fed by the processor to analog data.
An actuator allows you to compare the output given by the D-A converter to the actual output stored in it and stores the approved output in the memory.
Three types of Embedded Systems are:
This embedded system can be designed with a single 8 or 16-bit microcontroller. It can be operated with the help of a battery. For developing small scale embedded system, an editor, assembler, (IDE), and cross assembler are the most vital programming tools.
These types of embedded systems are designed using 16 or 32-bit microcontrollers. These systems offer both hardware and software complexities. C, C++, Java, and source code engineering tool, etc. are used to develop this kind of embedded system.
This type of embedded systems have lots of hardware and software complexities. You may require IPS, ASIPS, PLAs, configuration processor, or scalable processors. For the development of this system, you need hardware and software co-design & components which needs to combine in the final system.
Learn the difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Microprocessor | Microcontroller |
It uses functional blocks like register, ALU, timing, and control units. | It uses functional blocks of microprocessors like RAM, timer, parallels I/O, ADC, and DAC. |
In Microprocessor, bit handling instruction is less, One or two types only. | Microcontroller offers many kinds of bit handling instruction. |
Offers rapid movements of code and data between external memory and microprocessor. | Offers rapid movements of code and data in the microcontroller. |
Helps you to design general purpose digital computers system. | Helps you to design application-specific dedicated systems. |
It allows you to do multitasking at a time. | It is a single task oriented system. |
In Microprocessor system, you can decide the number of memory or I/O ports needed. | In Microcontroller system, the fixed number for memory or I/O makes a microcontroller ideal to complete the specific task. |
Offers support for external memory and I/O ports, which makes it heavier and costlier system. | This type of system is lightweight and cheaper compares to the microprocessor. |
External devices need more space, and their power consumption is quite higher. | This type of system consumes less amount of space, and power consumption is also very low. |
Following are an important application of Embedded system:
Robotic science:
Medical
Automotive
Networking
Home Devices:
Automobiles
Industrial Control
Here, are Pros/benefits of using Embedded System:
Here, are important cons/ drawbacks of using Embedded system.
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