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WPF is a short abbreviation of Windows Presentation Foundation. It is an ideal framework for building Windows applications. The idea behind the introduction of WPF framework was that user could develop a rich user interface comprising of 3D, animation, rich color with minimum code complexity.
WPF can be considered as an evolution over WinForms. It produces easy to operate graphical display system for windows. It offers easy separation between UI and the business logic.
WPF is a vector-based rendering engine uses hardware acceleration of modern graphics cards which makes the Ul faster and highly scalable. WPF applications can be deployed in your system as a standalone desktop program or hosted as an embedded object in a website.
In this training course, you will learn
There are many reasons for using WPF platform some prominent ones are-
Windows 1.0 was the first GUI environment from Microsoft. It is working as a layer on top of DOS, relying on the GDI and USER systems for graphic and user interface.
DirectX was introduced in the year 1995, as a high-performance graphics system. It was aimed at games and other graphics related environments. Over the years there are many versions released with Directx9 that provides a library to use with mange.Net code.
WPF version | Release Year | .Net Version | Visual Studio Version | Features |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.0 | 2006 | 3.0 | N/A | Initial Release. However, WPF development can be done with VS 2005. |
3.5 | 2007 | 3.5 | VS 2008 | Modification and improvements in: Application model, binding, controls, documents, annotations, and 3-D Ul elements. |
3.5 SP1 | 2008 | 3.5 SP1 | N/A | Native splash screen support. New web browser control, DirectX pixel shader support. |
4.0 | 2010 | 4.0 | VS 2010 | New controls: Calendar. DataGrid, DatePicker. Multi-Touch and Manipulation |
4.5 | 2012 | 4.5 | VS 2012 | Faster setup time and improved performance for Bitmap effects. New controls: Calendar. DataGrid, DatePicker. Multi-Touch and Manipulation |
4.5.1 | 2013 | 4.5.1 | VS 2013 | New Ribbon control New INotifyDataErrorlnfo interface |
4.5.2 | 2014 | 4.5.2 | NA | No Major Change No Major Change |
4.6 | 2015 | 4.6 | VS 2015 | Transparent child window support HDPI and Touch improvements |
Classes in WPF are divided into four different types:
These classes, known as base element classes. It provides the foundation for a model of composing user interfaces.
WPF user interfaces are composed of elements which are assembled in a tree hierarchy. It is called the element tree. The element tree is an intuitive way to layout user interface. It is a structure which allows you to get the feature of powerful UI services.
XAML
Extensible Application Markup Language which is called "XAML", or "zammel" is a declarative way to define user interfaces.
Here is the XAML definition of a simple button:
<Button FontSize="16" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" > Say Hello Guru99</Button>
Advantage of using XAML language:
Controls
WPF framework supports many useful controls like:
The appearance of controls can be customized with styles and templates without programming. You can also create a custom control by deriving a new class from an appropriate base class.
Appearance
WPF provides a feature for customizing the appearance of your application. It allows you to set objects and value for things like fonts, backgrounds, etc.
The styles feature allows you to standardize on a specific look for the entire product. It allows you to replace the default appearance while retaining its default behavior.
Data template allows you to control the default visualization of the bound data. With the help of themes, you can easily visualize styles from the operating system.
Layout & Panels
Layout helps you in proper positioning and sizing control. It is part of the process of composing the presentation for the user. The WPF framework eases the layout process and offers better adaptability of the UI appearance.
The layout infrastructure is offered by various classes are 1) StackPanel 2)DockPanel 3) WrapPanel 4) Grid and 5) Canvas
Graphics
WPF provides an improved graphics system like
Documents and Printing
WPF framework offers three types of documents:
WPF enables better control over the print system. It includes remote printing and queues. Moreover, XPS documents can be printed directly without converting it into a print format.
WPF is a part of the .NET framework. It contains both managed and unmanaged code. The important components of WPF architecture are explained in the below-given figure:
The most important components of part of WPF architecture are −
Refer this link to install WPF https://www.guru99.com/download-install-visual-studio.html
In this section, we will develop a basic WPF application. So, let's start the simple implementation by following the steps given below.
Step 1) In Visual Studio Go to File > Project
Step 2) In the new project window
Step 3) Visual Studio creates two files by default
The MainWindow.xaml has
In the XAML windows, the following tags are written be the default
The Grid is the first element by default.
The MainWindow.xaml.cs contains the corresponding code behind the XAML design file
Step 4) In toolbox,
Step 5) Change text to "First WPF Program."
Step 6) Click the Start Button
Step 7) You will see a Window at Output
Congratulations! You have designed and created your first WPF application.
WPF | WinForms |
---|---|
It's a newer framework, so it is more in tune with current standards. | It's older, so it is more tried and tested. |
It's flexible and features rich. You can design very rich applications without coding or buying controls. | Not so feature rich |
Developers of 3rd party controls are focussed on compatibility with WPF as it's the future. | There are many third-party controls that you can buy or get for free. |
XAML allows you to create and edit your GUI easily. It allows the work to be split between a designer (XAML) and a programmer (C#, ASP.net, etc.). | In Windows Forms all the code written in one place. |
WPF can create user interfaces for both Windows applications and web applications like Silverlight and XBAP. | No such support |
WPF's in-box control suite is limited | In-box controls are very powerful |
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