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Best Monitor for Programming & Coding (2021 Update)
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An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface between computer hardware components and the user. Every computer system must have at least one operating system to run other programs. Applications like Browsers, MS Office, Notepad Games, etc., need some environment to run and perform its tasks.
The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an operating system.
In this OS tutorial, you will learn:
Following are the examples of Operating System with the latest Market Share
OS Name | Share |
Windows | 40.34 |
Android | 37.95 |
iOS | 15.44 |
Mac OS | 4.34 |
Linux | 0.95 |
Chrome OS | 0.14 |
Windows Phone OS | 0.06 |
Following are the popular types of Operating System:
Some computer processes are very lengthy and time-consuming. To speed the same process, a job with a similar type of needs are batched together and run as a group.
The user of a batch operating system never directly interacts with the computer. In this type of OS, every user prepares his or her job on an offline device like a punch card and submit it to the computer operator.
Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different terminal(shell) to use a single computer system at the same time. The processor time (CPU) which is shared among multiple users is termed as time sharing.
A real time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is very small. Examples: Military Software Systems, Space Software Systems are the Real time OS example.
Distributed systems use many processors located in different machines to provide very fast computation to its users.
Network Operating System runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to manage data, user, groups, security, application, and other networking functions.
Mobile operating systems are those OS which is especially that are designed to power smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices.
Some most famous mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, but others include BlackBerry, Web, and watchOS.
Below are the main functions of Operating System:
In an operating system software performs each of the function:
Here is a list important features of OS:
The kernel is the central component of a computer operating systems. The only job performed by the kernel is to the manage the communication between the software and the hardware. A Kernel is at the nucleus of a computer. It makes the communication between the hardware and software possible. While the Kernel is the innermost part of an operating system, a shell is the outermost one.
There are many types of kernels that exists, but among them, the two most popular kernels are:
1.Monolithic
A monolithic kernel is a single code or block of the program. It provides all the required services offered by the operating system. It is a simplistic design which creates a distinct communication layer between the hardware and software.
2. Microkernels
Microkernel manages all system resources. In this type of kernel, services are implemented in different address space. The user services are stored in user address space, and kernel services are stored under kernel address space. So, it helps to reduce the size of both the kernel and operating system.
Firmware | Operating System |
Firmware is one kind of programming that is embedded on a chip in the device which controls that specific device. | OS provides functionality over and above that which is provided by the firmware. |
Firmware is programs that been encoded by the manufacture of the IC or something and cannot be changed. | OS is a program that can be installed by the user and can be changed. |
It is stored on non-volatile memory. | OS is stored on the hard drive. |
Parameters | 32. Bit | 64. Bit |
Architecture and Software | Allow 32 bit of data processing simultaneously | Allow 64 bit of data processing simultaneously |
Compatibility | 32-bit applications require 32-bit OS and CPUs. | 64-bit applications require a 64-bit OS and CPU. |
Systems Available | All versions of Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP, Linux, etc. | Windows XP Professional, Vista, 7, Mac OS X and Linux. |
Memory Limits | 32-bit systems are limited to 3.2 GB of RAM. | 64-bit systems allow a maximum 17 Billion GB of RAM. |
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