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Prototyping Model in Software Engineering: Methodology, Process, Approach
What is Prototyping Model? Prototyping Model is a software development model in which prototype is...
Apache Solr is an open-source search server platform written in Java language by Apache software foundation. It is highly scalable and ready to deploy search engine to handle a large volume of text-centric data. The purpose of using Apache Solr is to index and search large amount of web content and give relevant content based on search query.
Apache Solr is a REST-API based HTTP wrapper around the full-text search engine called Apache Lucene. An inverted index is a list of words where each word-entry links to the documents it is stored in. That way getting all documents for the search query "guru99" with simple 'get' operation.
In this Apache Solr tutorial for beginners, you will learn-
Here, are Important features of Apache Solr:
Now in this Solr search engine tutorial, we will learn about key terms used in Apache Solr:
Key Term | Description |
---|---|
Solr Core | Solr Core can be defined as an index of texts and fields derived from all the documents. One Solr Instance may have single or multiple Solr Cores. Core = an instance of Lucene Index + Solr configuration |
Solr Instance | Solr Instance is an instance a Solr running in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). In Standalone mode, it only offers one instance whereas in cloud mode you can have one or more instances. |
Indexing | Indexing is a method for adding document's content to Solr Index. Apache Solr uses Apache Lucene Inverted Index technique. |
Document | It is a group of fields and their values. A document is a basic unit of data stored in Apache Core. One Apache core may contain one or more Documents. |
Field | The field is a key-value pair that stores the actual data in a Document. Key specifies the field name and value contains that Field data. A document may have a one or multiple fields. It is used by Apache Solr to index the document content. |
Restful APIs | To communicate with Solr, it is not necessary to have used Java programming. Instead, Apache Solr provides restful services to communicate with it. You can send documents and receive results in various file formats like JSON, XML, and CSV. |
Full-text search | Solr offers features for full-text search such as tokens, phrases, spell checking, auto-complete, wildcard, etc. |
Admin Interface | Solr offers an easy-to-use, user-friendly, feature powered, user interface. Using the interface you can perform tasks like managing logs, add, delete, update and search documents. |
Text-Centric and Sorted by Relevance | Apache Solr is used to search text documents, and the results are delivered according to the user's query. |
Node | In Solr cloud, every single instance is known as a node. |
Cluster | A cluster is a collection of nodes. |
Collection | A cluster has a logical index which is also called a collection. |
Shard | It is a small area of the collection which offers single or multiple replicas of the index. |
Replica | A replica is a copy of shard which runs in a node. |
Leader | It is a replica of the shard, which sends the requests of the Solr Cloud for the rest of replicas. |
Now in this Solr search tutorial, let's learn about Apache Solr Architecture:
Apache Solr Architecture
The query parser parses the queries which you need to pass to Solr. It verifies your query to check syntactical errors. After parsing the queries, it translates into a format which is known by Lucene.
The request sends to Apache Solr are processed by the request handler. The request can be a query request or index update requests. You need to select the request handler according to your requirement. To pass a request to Solr, you need to map the handler to a specific URL end-point.
A response writer will generate formatted outputs for input queries. It supports various formats like XML, JSON, CSV.etc. You may have different response writers for different type of requests.
When you send an update request to Apache Solr, it is run through a set of plugins, signature, logging, indexing. This process is known as update request processor. Update handler also responsible for modifications like adding or dropping filed, etc.
Application | Usage |
---|---|
Intranet Portal |
|
Federated Client |
|
Instrument Datasets |
|
Regulatory Documents |
|
Embedded in PLM Application |
|
Step 1) Go to this link,
Click "Continue to Subscribe."
Step 2) On the next page,
Click on Accept Terms.
Step 3) Wait for some time and then,
Request is accepted after some time.
Step 4) Refresh the page and,
Click "Continue to Configuration"
Step 5) Keep the settings default and,
Click "Continue to Launch."
Step 6) On the next page,
Keep the settings default
You will see this success message
Step 7) In EC2 console,
Note the public DNS of your instance
Step 8) To access Solr,
Simply use the URL
http://publicdns:8983
in our case it becomes
http://ec2-18-221-175-53.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com:8983
Note: If you have trouble accessing the instance, change inbound and outbound rules in your instance to allow all traffic as shown in the below Solr query example:
Parameters | Apache Solr | Elastic Search |
---|---|---|
Nature | It is an open source project. | Not an open-sourced project. |
Static status | Static in shema.xml | Static in elasticsearch.yml |
Format | XML, CSV, JSON | Only JSON |
Index | Can be reloaded during runtime with collection/core reload | Defined during index/type creation with a REST call |
Documentation | It is well documented. | It is badly documented. |
Splitting Shards | Possible | Not possible |
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