WebElement in Selenium: TextBox, Button, sendkeys(), click()

WebElement in Selenium

Forms are the fundamental web elements to receive information from the website visitors. Web forms have different GUI elements like Text boxes, Password fields, Checkboxes, Radio buttons, dropdowns, file inputs, etc.

We will see how to access these different form elements using Selenium Web Driver with Java. Selenium encapsulates every form element as an object of WebElement. It provides API to find the elements and take action on them like entering text into text boxes, clicking the buttons, etc. We will see the methods that are available to access each form element.

Introduction to WebElement, findElement(), findElements()

Selenium Web Driver encapsulates a simple form element as an object of WebElement.

There are various techniques by which the WebDriver identifies the form elements based on the different properties of the Web elements like ID, Name, Class, XPath, Tagname, CSS Selectors, link Text, etc.

Web Driver provides the following two WebElement methods to find the elements.

• findElement() – finds a single web element and returns as a WebElement Selenium object.
• findElements() – returns a list of WebElement objects matching the locator criteria.

Let’s see the code snippets to get a single element – Text Field in a web page as an object of WebElement using findElement() method. We shall cover the findElements() method of finding multiple elements in subsequent tutorials.

Step 1) We need to import this package to create objects of Web Elements

Step 2) We need to call the findElement() method available on the WebDriver class and get an object of WebElement.

Refer below to see how it is done.

Selenium Input Text

Input boxes refer to either of these two types:

1. Text Fields– Selenium input text boxes that accept typed values and show them as they are.
2. Password Fields– text boxes that accept typed values but mask them as a series of special characters (commonly dots and asterisks) to avoid sensitive values to be displayed.

   

Locators

The method findElement() takes one parameter which is a locator to the element. Different locators like By.id(), By.name(), By.xpath(), By.CSSSelector() etc. locate the elements in the page using their properties like“““ id, name or path, etc.

You can use plugins like Fire path to get help with getting the id, xpath, etc. of the elements.

Using the example site https://demo.guru99.com/test/login.html given below is the code to locate the “Email address” text field using the id locator and the “Password “field using the name locator.

1. Email text field is located by Id
2. Password field is located by name

sendkeys in Selenium

sendkeys() in Selenium is a method used to enter editable content in the text and password fields during test execution. These fields are identified using locators like name, class, id, etc. It is a method available on the web element. Unlike the type method, sendkeys() method does not replace existing text in any text box.

How to Enter Text in Selenium

To enter text into the Text Fields and Password Fields, sendKeys() is the method available on the WebElement in Selenium.

Using the same example of https://demo.guru99.com/test/login.html site, here is how we find the Text field and Password fields and enter text in Selenium.

1. Find the “Email Address” Text field using the id locator.
2. Find the “Password” field using the name locator
3. Enter text into the “Email Address” using the Selenium sendkeys method.
4. Enter a password into the “Password” field using the sendKeys() method.

Deleting Values in Input Boxes

The clear() method is used to delete the text in an input box. This method does not need a parameter. The code snippet below will clear out the text from the Email or Password fields

Selenium Click Buttons

The Selenium click button can be accessed using the click() method.

In the example above

1. Find the button to Sign in
2. Click on the “Sign-in” Button in the login page of the site to login to the site.

Selenium Submit Buttons

Submit buttons are used to submit the entire form to the server. We can either use the click () method on the web element like a normal button as we have done above or use the submit () method on any web element in the form or on the submit button itself.

When submit() is used, WebDriver will look up the DOM to know which form the element belongs to, and then trigger its submit function.

Complete Code

Here is the complete working code

import org.openqa.selenium.By;		
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;		
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;		
import org.openqa.selenium.*;		

public class Form {				
    public static void main(String[] args) {									
    		
    	// declaration and instantiation of objects/variables		
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","G:\\chromedriver.exe");					
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();					
        		
        String baseUrl = "https://demo.guru99.com/test/login.html";					
        driver.get(baseUrl);					

        // Get the WebElement corresponding to the Email Address(TextField)		
        WebElement email = driver.findElement(By.id("email"));							

        // Get the WebElement corresponding to the Password Field		
        WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.name("passwd"));							

        email.sendKeys("abcd@gmail.com");					
        password.sendKeys("abcdefghlkjl");					
        System.out.println("Text Field Set");					
         
        // Deleting values in the text box		
        email.clear();			
        password.clear();			
        System.out.println("Text Field Cleared");					

        // Find the submit button		
        WebElement login = driver.findElement(By.id("SubmitLogin"));							
                    		
        // Using click method to submit form		
        email.sendKeys("abcd@gmail.com");					
        password.sendKeys("abcdefghlkjl");					
        login.click();			
        System.out.println("Login Done with Click");					
        		
        //using submit method to submit the form. Submit used on password field		
        driver.get(baseUrl);					
        driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys("abcd@gmail.com");							
        driver.findElement(By.name("passwd")).sendKeys("abcdefghlkjl");							
        driver.findElement(By.id("SubmitLogin")).submit();					
        System.out.println("Login Done with Submit");					
         
		//driver.close();		
        		
    }		
}

Troubleshooting

If you encounter NoSuchElementException() while finding elements, it means that the element is not found in the page at the point the Web driver accessed the page.

1. Check your locator again using Firepath or Inspect Element in Chrome.
2. Check whether the value you used in the code is different from the one for the element in Firepath now.
3. Some properties are dynamic for few elements. In case, you find that the value is different and is changing dynamically, consider using By.xpath() or By.cssSelector() which are more reliable but complex ways.
4. Sometimes, it could be a wait issue too i.e., the Web driver executed your code even before the page loaded completely, etc.
5. Add a wait before findElement() using implicit or explicit waits.

Summary

• The table below summarizes the commands to access each type of element discussed above

Element	Command	Description
Input Box	sendKeys()	used to enter values onto text boxes
	clear()	used to clear text boxes of its current value
Links	click()	used to click on the link and wait for page load to complete before proceeding to the next command.
Submit Button	submit()

• WebDriver allows selection of more than one option in a multiple SELECT element.
• You can use the submit() method on any element within the form. WebDriver will automatically trigger the submit function of the form where that element belongs to.