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Difference between Process and Program
What is a Program? A program is an executable file which contains a certain set of instructions written...
CISC was developed to make compiler development easier and simpler. The full form of CISC is Complex Instruction Set Computer. They are chips that are easy to program that makes efficient use of memory.
CISC eliminates the need for generating machine instructions to the processor. For example, instead of having to make a compiler, write lengthy machine instructions to calculate a square-root distance, a CISC processor offers a built-in ability to do this.
Many of the early computing machines were programmed in assembly language. Computer memory was slow and expensive. CISC was commonly implemented in such large computers, such as the PDP-11 and the DEC system.
In this tutorial, you will learn:
RISC is designed to perform a smaller number of types of computer instruction. Hence, it can operate at a higher speed. The full form of RISC is Reduced Instruction Set Computers. It is a microprocessor that is designed to perform smaller number of computer instruction so that it can operate at a higher speed.
RISC instruction sets hold less than 100 instructions and use a fixed instruction format. This method uses a few simple addressing modes that use a register-based instruction. In this compiler development mechanism, LOAD/STORE is the only individual instructions for accessing memory.
Here, are important characteristics Of CISC
One instruction is needed to support multiple addressing modes.
Here, are an important characteristic of RICS:
Here, are important differences between CISC vs. RISC
CISC | RISC |
It has a microprogramming unit. | It has a hard-wired unit of programming. |
The instruction set has various different instructions that can be used for complex operations. | The instruction set is reduced, and most of these instructions are very primitive. |
Performance is optimized with emphasis on hardware. | Performance is optimized which emphasis on software |
Only single register set | Multiple register sets are present |
They are mostly less or not pipelined | This type of processors are highly pipelined |
Execution time is very high | Execution time is very less |
Code expansion is not a problem. | Code expansion may create a problem. |
Decoding of instructions is complex. | The decoding of instructions is simple. |
It requires external memory for calculations | It doesn't require external memory for calculations |
Examples of CISC processors are the System/360, VAX, AMD, and Intel x86 CPUs. | Common RISC microprocessors are ARC, Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, PA-RISC, and SPARC. |
Single-cycle for each instruction | Instructions can take several clock cycles |
Heavy use of RAM (can cause bottlenecks if RAM is limited) | More efficient use of RAM than RISC |
Simple, standardized instructions | Complex and variable-length instructions |
A small number of fixed-length instructions | A large number of instructions |
Limited addressing modes | Compound addressing modes |
Important applications are Security systems, Home automation. | Important applications are : Smartphones, PDAs. |
Varying formats (16-64 bits for each instruction). | fixed (32-bit) format |
Unified cache for instructions and data. | Separate data and instruction cache. |
Here, are pros/benefits of CISC
Here, are pros/benefits of RISC
Here, are Cons/ Drawbacks of CISC
Here, are Cons/Drawbacks of RISC
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