8 BEST Instagram Proxy (2025)
Proxy providers should be carefully selected, as getting caught can negatively impact your image and brand. A poor Instagram proxy provider often leads to account suspension, has limitations in functionalities, and puts your data at a high-security risk. You may also lose hard-earned followers, business relations, useful content, and likely your online reputation.
While using a reputed Instagram-optimized proxy provides you with reliable and undetectable IP addresses. These proxies offer high-speed connection, uninterrupted access, data protection, user-friendly UI, and responsive 24/7 support.
After researching 45+ BEST Instagram Proxies for over 110 hours, I have created a credible and comprehensive guide featuring free and paid options. This exclusive, well-researched article uncovers the trusted insights and must-see details on top proxies, making it easier to evaluate their pros and cons. Read the full article to explore the ultimate Instagram proxy that fits your goals. Read more…
Decodo offers premium Instagram Proxy servers that are fast, reliable, and secure, making them an ideal choice for Instagram automation, scraping, and management. It provides residential proxies that mimic real users, reducing the chances of IP bans.
Best Instagram Proxies: Free & Paid!
Name of Provider | No of Locations | Concurrent Sessions | Starting Price | Free Trial | Link |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() 👍 Decodo |
195+ locations | Unlimited | $4 per GB | 3-days | Learn More |
👍 anyIP |
38+ countries | Unlimited | $2 per GB | 14 days | Learn More |
Bright Data |
195 countries | Unlimited | $0.58 | 7 days | Learn More |
Webshare |
40+ countries | Unlimited | Free Plan | 10 Proxies For Free | Learn More |
Proxy-Sale |
210+ countries | Unlimited | $0.79/IP | No but 24-Hours Money-back Guarantee | Learn More |
1) Decodo (formerly Smartproxy)
A Powerful Instagram Proxy Solution
Decodo offers premium Instagram Proxy servers that are fast, reliable, and secure, making them an ideal choice for Instagram automation, scraping, and management. I tested the service across different locations, and it consistently provided high-speed and uninterrupted connections. With a vast IP pool and high anonymity features, Decodo stands out for flexibility, performance, and ease of integration with Instagram-related tools.
With Decodo’s residential proxy network, you gain access to over 115 million IPs across 195+ locations. The service ensures a no-log policy, meaning all your Instagram activities remain private and undetectable.
No. of Locations: 195+ locations
Concurrent Requests: Unlimited
No. of IPs: 65 Million+ IPs
Free Trial/Refund Policy: 3-Days
Features:
- High Anonymity & Privacy: Decodo offers residential proxies that appear as genuine users, lowering the risk of detection or bans on Instagram. Your sessions remain stealthy, even during automation. I tested it while managing influencer outreach campaigns and never ran into any IP-related issues. You will notice the IP behavior is consistently stable even under frequent requests.
- Rotating & Sticky Sessions: Decodo allows you to toggle between rotating IPs or sticky sessions depending on your goal. This dual flexibility makes account management or scraping much safer. I recommend using sticky sessions when logging in to Instagram, as it reduces login anomalies. Rotating works better for mass data extraction tasks.
- Advanced Scraping Capabilities: The scraping API helped me retrieve user bios and post metrics at scale. It bypassed CAPTCHA and geo-restrictions effectively. While testing this feature one thing I noticed is its ability to auto-handle failed requests with retries built-in. This saves time and coding effort during large-scale marketing operations.
- Fast & Reliable Connection: The speed was consistently above average even during peak hours. I ran multiple threads on an automation tool without any disconnections or lag. Its stable infrastructure ensures uninterrupted tasks like bulk post scheduling or analytics pulling.
- Global Coverage with 195+ Locations: Decodo gives access to IPs from major countries and cities. I once needed to mimic traffic from Tokyo, New York, and Berlin for campaign A/B testing. It performed flawlessly. There is also an option that lets you filter proxies by country or city directly from the dashboard.
- HTTP & SOCKS5 Support: This feature gives freedom to run proxies across tools like Jarvee, Multilogin, and even browsers like Firefox. Whether you are running manual tasks or automated flows, compatibility is rarely an issue. It simplifies integration in cross-platform environments.
- Static Residential Sessions: Decodo’s static sessions remain consistent for up to 30 minutes, perfect for login-sensitive operations. I used this for two-step Instagram verifications and never faced interruptions. I suggest using longer sticky sessions during initial account warm-up to build trust with Instagram’s algorithms.
- City-Level Targeting: This is particularly useful for local campaigns or influencer scouting. You can zoom into ZIP-level targeting, which makes your Instagram activity seem authentic and regional. When I ran a client campaign targeting Brooklyn users, Decodo’s city-level proxy selection made the geo-tagged engagement strategy successful.
Pros
Cons
Pricing plans of Decodo’s residential proxies are currently at 40% off with their code RESI40:
Bandwidth | Price per GB |
---|---|
Pay As You Go | $3.5 |
2 GB | $3.0 |
8 GB | $2.75 |
Moneyback guarantee: 14-day money-back guarantee
14-Days Money-Back Guarantee
2) anyIP
Best for affordable premium proxies with global coverage
anyIP delivers a versatile proxy solution that, in my opinion, is ideal for anyone looking for flexibility and affordability. I tested both mobile and residential IPs in major markets like the US, UK, Germany, and France, finding the service reliable and adaptable. The tool made my work seamless, and I recommend it as a remarkable proxy solution. With a 4.7-star rating on Trustpilot, it proves to be one of the best.
With 100 million IPs and HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS5 support, anyIP meets all your proxy needs at low prices. anyIP allows unlimited IP rotations at no extra cost. This gives you ultimate flexibility for scraping, automation, or anonymity tasks. Whether you’re a data scientist, digital marketer, or security professional, anyIP’s robust infrastructure and user-friendly approach make it the smart choice for proxy services.
No. of Locations: 38+ Countries
Concurrent Requests: Unlimited
No. of IPs: 35 Million+ IPs
Free Trial/Refund Policy: 14-Days Money-Back Guarantee
Features:
- Cost-Effective Pricing: Premium proxies start at just $2 per gigabyte, making it affordable for both small and large-scale Instagram campaigns. There are no hidden charges, which keeps billing predictable. While using this pricing model, one thing I noticed is that it works best for projects needing consistent bandwidth use.
- Dual IP Types: You get residential and mobile IPs under one subscription, which removes the hassle of separate purchases. This is ideal for scaling different account types. I recommend mixing mobile IPs for login actions and residential ones for browsing to maintain higher success rates.
- Global Coverage: The proxies span multiple countries, giving you the flexibility to simulate traffic from diverse regions. It supports geo-targeted Instagram automation. I once used their French mobile IPs to manage a client campaign and the location accuracy was spot on.
- Multiple Proxy Types: You can switch between rotating, sticky, mobile, or residential proxies based on the task. This allows for granular control over how your sessions behave. I often used sticky proxies to keep the same IP for comment moderation, which kept things stable.
- Smart Sessions: The tool maintains IP consistency by assigning proxies from the same ISP and region. This helps mimic natural user behavior. I suggest activating smart sessions while scheduling content, as it drastically reduces account verification prompts.
- Fast Performance: The average response time stays under 400ms, even during peak hours. This is due to a robust backend and multiple server locations. I tested Instagram Story viewing through these proxies and they loaded quickly without skipping.
Pros
Cons
Pricing:
All the membership plans of anyIP with residential and mobile proxies included are as follows:
Micro Plan | Basic Plan | Pro Plan | Entreprise Plan |
---|---|---|---|
$5 per GB for 5GB | $4 per GB for 20GB | $3 per GB for 100GB | $2 per GB for 500GB |
Moneyback guarantee: 14-day money-back guarantee on plans purchased via credit card.
14-Days Money-Back Guarantee
3) Bright Data
Best for reliable Instagram scraping and automation
Bright Data offers a leading proxy solution that I personally recommend for various tasks. I evaluated its speed, noting that the network of over 72 million IPs across 195 countries made a difference. In my experience, Bright Data’s reliable proxy service is a great option for consistent performance across locations. This platform is a highly stable proxy provider with a maximum success rate. It also has a free proxy manager that can speed up your project exceptionally.
No. of Locations: 195 Countries
Concurrent Requests: Unlimited
No. of IPs: 72 Million+ IPs
Free Trial/Refund Policy: 7-Days Free Trial
Features:
- Performance: This platform gives you flexibility to scale Instagram tasks from any region without limitations. It performs well even under load with no noticeable slowdown. While testing this with regional scraping, I noticed zero lag across five countries using their residential proxies.
- Bulk‑Request Handling: This feature supports up to 5,000 URLs per request, which is excellent for scraping Instagram at scale. It also includes scheduling via API, making high-volume data extraction more efficient and controlled. While using this feature one thing I noticed was that setting staggered intervals between bulk jobs reduced the chances of triggering anti-bot measures.
- Proxy Rotation: The open-source Proxy Manager is intuitive and robust for handling automated IP rotation. You can set custom rules to rotate IPs by request, status code, or time. I suggest setting rotation by session time for Instagram to avoid soft bans during multiple logins.
- Tailored Instagram Data Sets: You get pre-built datasets with flexible delivery options like Google Cloud or Webhooks. There is also field-level customization for output formats and quality control. The tool lets you assign a dedicated manager, which I used to solve output formatting issues in under 24 hours.
- SLA: Bright Data maintains a 99.99% uptime, which I have consistently experienced in ongoing campaigns. If the uptime ever dips, you receive credit on your next billing cycle. This helped me stay on schedule without worrying about proxy failure.
- Proxy Locations: You will find over 72 million IPs from countries across all major continents. It covers key markets like India, Germany, China, and Brazil. While using this feature one thing I noticed is that performance in Asia-Pacific regions was just as smooth as in the US.
Pros
Cons
Pricing:
Here are some of the pricing plans of Bright Data
Plan Name | Pay As You Go | Growth | Business |
---|---|---|---|
Traffic | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
Additional proxy networks available at different rates | Available | Available | Available |
Pricing | $1 | $0.58 | $0.75 |
Moneyback guarantee: No, but it has 7 days free trial.
Get a 100% Match on Your First Deposit, Up to $500, Across All Proxy Products!
7-Days Free Trial
4) Webshare
Best for budget-friendly Instagram proxy solutions
Webshare offers top-notch Instagram Proxy servers that, in my view, are perfect for reliable speed at an affordable price. I tested the service across regions, and it consistently provided a fast connection. I recommend Webshare for its flexibility and performance, especially for Instagram needs.
You can access above 30 million IP addresses with the help of Webshare in its Residential plan. This provider has no log policy. Hence, all your activities remain hidden offering you safe private proxies for Instagram.
Features:
- Proxy Rotation: One static proxy can rotate between thousands of IPs, which is excellent for Instagram account management. You can set custom intervals or rotate instantly. This rotation method kept my accounts safe from bans and blocks.
- List Refresh On-demand: This feature gives you the ability to purchase additional proxy IP refreshes when your Instagram activity starts to trigger repetition-based detection. It’s particularly useful if you’re managing multiple influencer accounts or automation tasks. While using this feature one thing I noticed is that timing your refreshes before high-volume campaigns greatly reduces Instagram flagging.
- Fast Dedicated Proxies: These proxies run on a Gigabit line and are tuned for speed and consistency. They are ideal when handling large volumes of simultaneous Instagram requests. The tool lets you reserve specific IPs for high-traffic use, which really helped with client campaigns.
- Performance: Webshare proxies can bypass strict Instagram filters and allow smooth data scraping. The residential proxies are lightweight and more robust than typical datacenter IPs. While testing this feature, I noticed scraping was smooth even during high network loads.
- SLA: Webshare provides 99.97% uptime, making it highly reliable. However, downtime compensation is not included. I had one rare downtime event and had to switch to a backup without credits or support refunds.
- Control Panel: The control panel comes with over 50 features including API access, usage stats, and IP whitelisting. It offers precise control over proxy behavior. While using this feature one thing I noticed is the option to group proxies by project, which helps organize multiple Instagram campaigns.
Pros
Cons
Pricing:
Here is the pricing list of Webshare for residential proxy
Bandwidth | 1 GB | 10 GB | 25 GB |
---|---|---|---|
Proxies | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
IP Authorization | Included | Included | Included |
Pricing per month | $0 | $2.99 | $26.91 |
Moneyback guarantee: 2 days
10 Proxies For Free
5) Proxy-Sale
Best for stable Instagram proxy connectivity
Proxy-Sale offers a top-notch proxy solution for social media, including Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Telegram and YouTube. I particularly liked its mix of residential and mobile proxies. In my experience, the extensive network of over 210 countries and over 15 million proxies provides a reliable option without Geo-Location blocks.
Features:
- Encryption: Proxy-Sale encrypts all transmitted data using robust standards like SSL and TLS 1.3. This adds an essential layer of privacy and ensures your Instagram activity stays protected. I have used this when managing client accounts and noticed it prevented flagging during login attempts.
- IP Rotation: Proxy-Sale’s automated IP rotation swaps your IP address at set intervals. This reduces detection risks on platforms like Instagram, especially when automating tasks. While testing this feature, one thing I noticed was that shorter intervals worked better for story-viewing automation without triggering rate limits.
- Plans: The tool offers dedicated plans tailored to use cases like social media, gaming, and scraping. I found the Instagram-specific plan to be very efficient when running bulk promotions. I suggest choosing plans based on your exact usage pattern to avoid overpaying or underutilizing bandwidth.
- Query Scraping: You can easily scrape Instagram posts, profiles, and hashtags using structured JSON output. It works well across platforms and extracts consistent, readable data. I recommend this for marketers tracking trends or influencer performance.
- Web Surfing: The proxy lets you spoof your geo-location to access Instagram content restricted to certain regions. This feature is especially useful for digital marketers tracking regional campaigns. I once used it to analyze ad engagement metrics from the UK while in India.
- Proxy Checker: The integrated proxy checker validates your proxies across multiple types, including mobile and ISP formats. It supports both IPv4 and IPv6, making it future-ready. The tool lets you batch-test proxies to identify latency issues and reliability before deploying them to Instagram bots.
Pros
Cons
Pricing:
Here are some of the plans of Proxy-Sale
No. of Days | Price per IP address |
---|---|
7 Days | $0.79 |
14 Days | $1.18 |
30 Days | $1.57 |
Moneyback guarantee: 24-Hours Money-back Guarantee
24-Hours Money-back Guarantee
6) Proxy-Seller
Best for diverse Instagram proxy locations
Proxy-Seller is great for Instagram, especially for users looking to run promotion services and programs. I checked its proxies and found that they support unrestricted traffic with a fast 1 Gbit/s channel. According to my review, it is a remarkable option for seamless performance.
This proxy supports multiple accounts and mitigates the risk of an IP ban. Its manager can set up proxies remotely on your PC on demand. It also guarantees a large number of networks and subnets, covers more than 15 countries with a pool of 10k addresses, and allows you to choose even a specific city.
Features:
- Massive Subnet Diversity: This feature offers access to over 400 networks and 800+ subnets, reducing footprints that Instagram algorithms often detect. It works great for running multiple accounts without bans. While testing this, I noticed fewer account verifications triggered compared to standard rotating proxies.
- Massive Geolocation Coverage: Proxy-Seller delivers proxies from more than 50 countries and 220+ city-level locations. It gives marketers pinpoint control over account localization and audience segmentation. I suggest choosing city-specific IPs when running geo-targeted campaigns to increase post visibility and engagement.
- Proxy Rotation: You can rotate proxies every 5 to 30 minutes, depending on the selected country. There is also a request link that generates a fresh proxy instantly. This feature was especially helpful when I managed multiple Instagram accounts and needed non-overlapping sessions.
- SLA: Proxy-Seller guarantees 99% uptime, making it dependable for always-on Instagram marketing tasks. If there is any downtime, support quickly offers replacements. I once contacted them during a weekend and received a new working proxy within an hour, which saved my campaign from delays.
- Tools Offered: The platform provides tools like Proxy-Check, Proxy-Scanner, and IP Trace to enhance reliability. These tools help verify if proxies are working and track network behavior efficiently. I recommend using Proxy-Check before assigning proxies to Instagram accounts to avoid connection errors and unexpected bans.
- Ports and Protocols Supported: It supports SOCKS4, HTTPS, IPv6, and mobile proxies for a wide range of use cases. High anonymity ensures your real IP is never exposed. The tool lets you select specific protocols depending on your automation tool, which helps avoid detection.
Pros
Cons
Pricing:
It comes with a plan named Quantity Required, which has flexible pricing according to the number of IPv4 you need. For each IPv4, it costs $ 3.75.
Here are some of the other pricing plans offered by the Proxy Seller.
Plan Name | 5 IPs | 10 IPs | 25 IPs |
---|---|---|---|
Bandwidth | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited |
Gbps | Up to 1Gbps | Up to 1Gbps | Up to 1Gbps |
IP | Dedicated | Dedicated | Dedicated |
Pricing monthly | $9 | $17.1 | $42.75 |
Moneyback guarantee: Account cancellation provides a full refund if made within 14 days. In the case of Proxy-Seller’s week product, you can claim a refund within 3 days.
24-Hour Money-back Guarantee
7) ExpressVPN
Best for secure Instagram access on any device
ExpressVPN offers a phenomenal solution for Geo-location, data scaling, and scraping. I was able to access unlimited IPs, each used by real users, which provided natural browsing. Throughout my review, ExpressVPN proved to be a superior choice for those needing reliable and secure proxies. You can utilize ExpressVPN to avoid any type of action blocks by Instagram. It comes with an unmodified mobile network, so you can be assured that you are using only real connections.
Features:
- Rotating Proxies: ExpressVPN offers rotating proxies that switch IP addresses automatically to keep your connection anonymous. This feature ensures Instagram tasks stay under the radar without risking account blocks. While using this feature one thing I noticed is that latency remains low even during peak server loads, which helps maintain posting schedules.
- Multiple Supported Protocols: ExpressVPN supports OpenVPN, Lightway, IKEv2, L2TP/IPsec, and PPTP protocols for flexible network access. This helped me bypass Instagram restrictions in various regions without compromising speed. I suggest using Lightway for Instagram automation, as it connects faster and uses less battery on mobile devices.
- Integrations: ExpressVPN can be integrated with Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, along with smart TVs, Fire Stick, gaming consoles, and mobile devices. I connected it to my router to proxy multiple Instagram devices at once. It was smooth and did not affect the user experience on other platforms.
- No of IP Addresses: With access to thousands of IPs, I was able to switch locations in seconds when managing multiple Instagram accounts. This helped avoid footprint detection. I once ran 10 accounts safely using different IPs without facing a single ban.
- SLA: ExpressVPN offers a 99.9% uptime backed by responsive support for downtime-related issues. One weekend, I contacted their team after a brief disconnection and they resolved it in minutes. The quick action gave me confidence in running campaigns without interruptions.
Pros
Cons
Pricing:
Here are some of the pricing plans offered by ExpressVPN
Plan | Pricing |
---|---|
1 Month | $12.95 per month |
6 Months | $9.99 per month |
12 Months | $6.67 per month |
Moneyback guarantee: 30 days
30-Days Money-Back Guarantee
8) IPRoyal
Best proxy for Instagram
IPRoyal offers remarkable transparency, providing ethically sourced IPs for secure Instagram use. I reviewed its over 8 million IPs, all shared by real users, which makes detection difficult. In my opinion, this setup is a superior choice for avoiding blocks on any platform. You can pick any IPs you want or limit them to a particular country, continent, or even city. It doesn’t have a contract system for pricing, so there are no monthly minimums.
Features:
- Performance: IPRoyal gives you high-speed Instagram proxy connections with real IPs, ensuring safe account activity. You can connect proxies with any social automation app, and sessions stay sticky for 24 hours. While using this feature one thing I noticed is that traffic never expires, making it highly efficient for long-term Instagram automation.
- Monitor Proxy Usage: You get a detailed overview of proxy usage, which helps manage Instagram tasks more precisely. The dashboard offers real-time stats that simplify monitoring and adjusting plans. I suggest checking your bandwidth daily if you’re running multiple accounts, as it helps prevent interruptions.
- Proxy Rotation: IPRoyal offers auto-rotation every one to thirty minutes, which is ideal for evading Instagram’s detection. The rotating IPs keep your sessions fresh and prevent bans. I have used this while managing multiple IG profiles and saw a lower block rate compared to static IPs.
- Instant IP Change: You can change your IP instantly from the dashboard or by sending a quick API request. This flexibility helps you bypass temporary blocks without any wait. I recommend using it between Instagram actions to avoid triggering the platform’s spam filters.
- Ports and Protocols Supported: IPRoyal supports both HTTP and SOCKS5 protocols, ensuring you get the best compatibility and speed. You can use ports 12321 and 42124 based on the protocol. This multi-protocol access is ideal if you’re switching between browsers and bots.
- Uptime SLA: The provider promises 99.9% uptime, making it reliable for ongoing Instagram automation. However, it does not offer compensation for outages. I have rarely faced any downtimes, but I still suggest scheduling campaigns during off-peak hours just in case.
Pros
Cons
Pricing:
Here are the pricing plans of IPRoyal
Plan Name | Static | Rotating Residential | DataCenter |
---|---|---|---|
Traffic | Unlimited | Never Expires | Unlimited |
SOCKS5 | Supported | Supported | Supported |
Pricing | $2.40/proxy | $1.75/GB | $1.39 per proxy |
Moneyback guarantee: No, but you can purchase a small amount of traffic to test its service at a low cost.
Feature Comparison Table
How to tell if Instagram has banned your IP?
Before we jump into the list, let us look into the steps that
can help you identify if your Instagram is banned:
- Step 1: First, clear the cookies from the web browser. Clearing your cookies will log you out of your Instagram account as an unregistered user if you are banned.
- Step 2: If the above step doesn’t provide the desired information, you can use a new browser that you have never used to access your account.
- Step 3: Now, if you still remain logged out after the second step, your IP is likely banned. You may also get a notification message stating, “The IP address you are using has been flagged as an open proxy. If you believe this to be incorrect, please visit https://help.instagram.com/”
Why do you need Instagram Proxies?
You need free proxy for Instagram for several reasons:
- For automating social media: Instagram proxies can help you manage multiple accounts by automating them, thus allowing you to have more reach.
- For using more than five accounts: These proxies help you use more than five accounts without getting banned, as they can mask your IP address.
- For scraping: You can scrape all kinds of useful data using Instagram proxies to grow your business without getting caught.
- For tighter security: As these proxies hide your actual IP address, you gain an extra layer of protection by being anonymous.
How do Instagram proxies work?
Instagram proxies work in the following manner:
- Connection request: Your device sends a request to the Instagram server to connect with the platform. This request includes multiple data about your device, such as user agent, IP address, and HTTP header.
- Proxy: Then your device reroutes the request to the proxy server instead of directly sending it to Instagram.
- IP rotation: The proxy then changes the real IP address by assigning a new IP address to mask your IP from its pool of addresses. This proxy then transmits the connection request with the new IP to Instagram.
- Connecting with Instagram: The app’s server then receives the request and analyses it to check if you have permission to access the account or request data and decides if it should approve your IP.
- Server response: The Instagram proxy site or app then receives this response and sends it back to your device.
How Did We Choose Best Instagram Proxy?
At Guru99, we prioritize credibility with a focus on accurate, relevant, and objective information. Through rigorous research, I spent over 110 hours reviewing 45+ Instagram proxies, both free and paid, to bring you a comprehensive guide. Finding the right Instagram proxy is crucial for seamless social media management, considering factors like speed, security, and compatibility. Check out below important factors to ensure you choose the best option for your needs.
- Security: Our team chose based on encryption standards that are essential for protecting your data and accounts.
- Reliability: We made sure to shortlist services that ensure consistent access and reduce downtime risk.
- Speed: The experts in our team selected the tools based on how they maintain fast and stable connectivity.
- Compatibility: We chose based on seamless integration with Instagram tools to support smooth content management.
- IP Rotation: Our team chose providers that help you avoid detection and manage accounts safely and securely.
- Customer Support: We selected those with responsive support teams to resolve issues promptly without compromise.
- Cost-effectiveness: We made sure to include options that are typically affordable for regular or long-term use.
Verdict:
Managing Instagram at scale calls for strong proxies that deliver privacy, speed, and adaptability. I rely on solutions that not only resolve account issues but provide cost-effective, robust, and secure options. If you want a reliable approach for Instagram automation or scraping, check my verdict.
- Decodo offers premium Instagram Proxy servers that are fast, reliable, and secure, making them an ideal choice for Instagram automation, scraping, and management.
- anyIP provides cost-effective, globally accessible proxies with 35 million IPs and unlimited rotations, suitable for automation and scraping.
- Bright Data delivers fast, secure proxies with 72 million IPs and robust encryption, ideal for large-scale, location-specific proxy needs.