BigData
How to Install Hadoop with Step by Step Configuration on Ubuntu
In this tutorial, we will take you through step by step process to install Apache Hadoop on a...
A file is a collection of correlated information which is recorded on secondary or non-volatile storage like magnetic disks, optical disks, and tapes. It is a method of data collection that is used as a medium for giving input and receiving output from that program.
In general, a file is a sequence of bits, bytes, or records whose meaning is defined by the file creator and user. Every File has a logical location where they are located for storage and retrieval.
In this operating system tutorial, you will learn:
Here are the main objectives of the file management system:
Here, are important properties of a file system:
A File Structure needs to be predefined format in such a way that an operating system understands . It has an exclusively defined structure, which is based on its type.
Three types of files structure in OS:
A file has a name and data. Moreover, it also stores meta information like file creation date and time, current size, last modified date, etc. All this information is called the attributes of a file system.
Here, are some important File attributes used in OS:
It refers to the ability of the operating system to differentiate various types of files like text files, binary, and source files. However, Operating systems like MS_DOS and UNIX has the following type of files:
It is a hardware file that reads or writes data character by character, like mouse, printer, and more.
This element stores a single value, which can be static or variable length.
Collection of related data is called a database. Relationships among elements of data are explicit.
Files is the collection of similar record which is treated as a single entity.
A Record type is a complex data type that allows the programmer to create a new data type with the desired column structure. Its groups one or more columns to form a new data type. These columns will have their own names and data type.
File access is a process that determines the way that files are accessed and read into memory. Generally, a single access method is always supported by operating systems. Though there are some operating system which also supports multiple access methods.
Three file access methods are:
In this type of file access method, records are accessed in a certain pre-defined sequence. In the sequential access method, information stored in the file is also processed one by one. Most compilers access files using this access method.
The random access method is also called direct random access. This method allow accessing the record directly. Each record has its own address on which can be directly accessed for reading and writing.
This type of accessing method is based on simple sequential access. In this access method, an index is built for every file, with a direct pointer to different memory blocks. In this method, the Index is searched sequentially, and its pointer can access the file directly. Multiple levels of indexing can be used to offer greater efficiency in access. It also reduces the time needed to access a single record.
In the Operating system, files are always allocated disk spaces.
Three types of space allocation methods are:
In this method,
In this method,
In this method,
A single directory may or may not contain multiple files. It can also have sub-directories inside the main directory. Information about files is maintained by Directories. In Windows OS, it is called folders.
Following is the information which is maintained in a directory:
File Type | Usual extension | Function |
Executable | exe, com, bin or none | ready-to-run machine- language program |
Object | obj, o | complied, machine language, not linked |
Source code | c. p, pas, 177, asm, a | source code in various languages |
Batch | bat, sh | Series of commands to be executed |
Text | txt, doc | textual data documents |
Word processor | doc,docs, tex, rrf, etc. | various word-processor formats |
Library | lib, h | libraries of routines |
Archive | arc, zip, tar | related files grouped into one file, sometimes compressed. |
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