Top 40 Swift Interview Questions and Answers (2026)
Lucas Bennett
Getting ready for a Swift developer interview means anticipating what interviewers truly assess beyond syntax. Swift Interview Questions reveal problem-solving depth, coding judgment, and practical understanding under real scenarios.
These roles open strong career paths as iOS adoption grows, rewarding technical expertise, domain expertise, and real production exposure. Professionals working in the field apply analysis, sharpen skillset depth, collaborate with teams, assist managers and seniors, and confidently crack common questions and answers from freshers to experienced levels globally today. Read more…
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Top Swift Interview Questions and Answers
1) What is Swift and what makes it popular for iOS development?
Swift is a modern, high-level programming language developed by Apple for building applications across iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. It emphasizes safety, performance, and expressiveness, with features such as optional types, type inference, and automatic memory management. Swift’s syntax is concise yet powerful, which reduces the likelihood of common programming errors like null pointer dereferences and type mismatches. Swift also supports Protocol-Oriented Programming (POP) alongside traditional object-oriented paradigms, enabling more modular and reusable code.
Example: Swift’s optional type encapsulates a variable that may or may not hold a value, preventing unexpected runtime crashes due to nil references, a frequent source of bugs in earlier languages like Objective-C.
2) How do you declare variables and constants in Swift? What is the difference between var and let?
To declare a variable in Swift, you use var. To declare a constant, you use let. A variable (var) can change its value after being assigned, whereas a constant (let) cannot be reassigned once initialized — promoting safer, more predictable code.
Example:
var age = 25 // Variable let name = "John" // Constant, value cannot change
If you try to reassign a value to a let constant, the compiler will throw an error. This distinction enforces immutability by default where possible, improving program stability.
3) What are Optionals in Swift and why are they important?
Optionals in Swift are a language feature that expresses the possibility that a variable might not have a value. Rather than implicitly assuming a variable always holds data, Swift uses the ? syntax to indicate that a variable may be nil, which makes the code safer by forcing the developer to explicitly unwrap or handle the absence of a value.
Example:
var number: Int? = nil // This variable might hold an Int or nil
if let safeNumber = number {
print(safeNumber)
} else {
print("No value present")
}
Optionals help catch bugs at compile time that would otherwise surface at runtime.
4) What is the difference between value types and reference types in Swift?
In Swift, value types (such as struct, enum, tuple) store a unique copy of data, whereas reference types (such as class) share a single instance across multiple references.
| Feature | Value Type (struct, enum) |
Reference Type (class) |
|---|---|---|
| Memory behavior | Copied on assignment | Shared reference |
| Use case | Data models, lightweight data | Objects, shared state |
| Inheritance | Not supported | Supported |
| Example | struct Point { … } |
class Person { … } |
Example:
struct Score { var value: Int }
var first = Score(value: 10)
var second = first
second.value = 20
print(first.value) // 10 (unchanged)
This demonstrates how changes to a copy do not impact the original for value types.
5) What is Automatic Reference Counting (ARC)? How does it work in Swift?
Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) is Swift’s memory management system that automatically manages the allocation and deallocation of memory for class instances. When an instance is created, ARC tracks how many references point to it. When the reference count drops to zero, the instance is deallocated.
Key Points:
- Strong references increase the reference count.
- Weak or unowned references do not increase the count and help prevent retain cycles, which can cause memory leaks in iOS apps.
Example: A common retain cycle occurs when two objects hold strong references to each other. Using weak or unowned keywords can break this cycle.
6) What is Optional Chaining?
Optional chaining is a concise way of querying and calling properties, methods, and subscripts on an optional that might currently be nil. If the optional contains a value, the call succeeds; if it is nil, the whole chain returns nil without crashing.
Example:
let text: String? = "Hello" let count = text?.count // count is an Optional<Int>
This technique avoids forced unwrapping (!), leading to safer code with fewer crashes.
7) How do guard statements differ from if statements in Swift?
The guard statement is used for early exit if a condition is not met. It must exit the current scope (with return, break, continue, or throw) when the condition fails. This encourages clear handling of invalid states upfront.
Example:
func checkUsername(_ name: String?) {
guard let safeName = name else {
print("Username was nil")
return
}
print("User: \(safeName)")
}
Unlike an if statement that nests logic, guard helps flatten code and improve readability.
8) What are closures in Swift? How are they useful?
Closures are self-contained blocks of code that can be passed around like values and used as callback handlers, completion handlers, or custom operation logic. They are similar to lambdas or anonymous functions in other languages.
Example:
let sumClosure = { (a: Int, b: Int) -> Int in
return a + b
}
print(sumClosure(5, 7)) // 12
Closures capture values from their surrounding context, enabling powerful asynchronous and functional programming patterns.
9) Explain generics in Swift and their importance.
Generics allow you to write flexible, reusable functions and types that work with any type while maintaining type safety. They are widely used in the Swift standard library (such as Array, Dictionary, etc.).
Example:
func swapValues<T>(_ a: inout T, _ b: inout T) {
let temp = a
a = b
b = temp
}
Generics improve code reuse and reduce duplication, enabling you to write powerful abstractions safely.
10) What is the difference between map, filter, and reduce in Swift?
These functions are part of Swift’s functional programming utilities on collections:
- map: Transforms each element.
- filter: Selects elements that meet a condition.
- reduce: Combines all elements into a single value.
Example:
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
let squares = numbers.map { $0 * $0 } // [1,4,9,16,25]
let evens = numbers.filter { $0 % 2 == 0 } // [2,4]
let sum = numbers.reduce(0, +) // 15
These tools enable expressive and concise data handling in Swift collections.
11) How does type inference work in Swift, and what are its benefits?
Type inference in Swift is a compiler feature that automatically determines the data type of a variable or constant based on the value assigned to it. This allows developers to write cleaner and more readable code without explicitly specifying types in many situations. Swift’s compiler analyzes the assigned expression and infers the most appropriate type at compile time, ensuring type safety while reducing verbosity.
The primary benefit of type inference is improved developer productivity and reduced boilerplate code. It also minimizes redundancy, making Swift code more expressive and closer to natural language. Despite being implicit, type inference does not compromise safety because Swift remains a statically typed language.
Example:
let count = 10 // Inferred as Int let message = "Hi" // Inferred as String let price = 19.99 // Inferred as Double
Type inference works seamlessly with generics, closures, and collections, enabling Swift to maintain clarity even in complex expressions.
12) What are protocols in Swift, and how are they different from interfaces in other languages?
Protocols in Swift define a blueprint of methods, properties, and requirements that conforming types must implement. They are central to Protocol-Oriented Programming (POP), a paradigm strongly encouraged by Swift. Unlike traditional interfaces in some languages, Swift protocols can provide default implementations through protocol extensions.
Protocols can be adopted by classes, structs, and enums, which makes them more flexible than inheritance-based abstractions. They also support multiple conformances, unlike single inheritance in classes.
Example:
protocol Drivable {
var speed: Int { get }
func drive()
}
extension Drivable {
func drive() {
print("Driving at speed \(speed)")
}
}
This approach promotes loose coupling, testability, and reusable logic across unrelated types, making protocols more powerful than classic interfaces.
13) Explain the difference between struct and class in Swift with examples.
The difference between struct and class in Swift primarily lies in value semantics versus reference semantics. Structures are value types, meaning they are copied when assigned or passed around. Classes are reference types, meaning multiple references can point to the same instance.
| Aspect | Struct | Class |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Value type | Reference type |
| Memory | Copied | Shared |
| Inheritance | Not supported | Supported |
| ARC | Not used | Used |
| Mutability | Requires mutating |
Not required |
Example:
struct User {
var name: String
}
var user1 = User(name: "Alice")
var user2 = user1
user2.name = "Bob"
Here, user1 remains unchanged. This predictability makes structs ideal for models and data containers.
14) What is the lifecycle of an iOS application written in Swift?
The iOS application lifecycle defines the different states an app transitions through from launch to termination. Understanding this lifecycle is crucial for managing resources, handling background tasks, and responding to system events.
Key lifecycle stages include:
- App launch
- Active state
- Background state
- Suspended state
- Terminated state
Swift applications handle these transitions primarily through the AppDelegate and SceneDelegate methods. For example, application(_:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:) is used for initial setup, while sceneDidEnterBackground(_:) is used to release shared resources.
Example Use Case: When a user receives a phone call, the app moves to the background. Developers must save user data and pause ongoing tasks to ensure a smooth experience when the app resumes.
15) What are property observers in Swift, and when should they be used?
Property observers in Swift allow developers to monitor and respond to changes in a property’s value. They are implemented using willSet and didSet, which execute before and after a property changes, respectively.
Property observers are useful for triggering side effects such as updating the UI, validating input, or synchronizing data when values change.
Example:
var score: Int = 0 {
willSet {
print("Score will change to \(newValue)")
}
didSet {
print("Score changed from \(oldValue)")
}
}
Observers do not run during initialization, which prevents unexpected behavior at object creation time. They are best suited for simple monitoring logic rather than heavy computations.
16) How does error handling work in Swift?
Swift uses a structured error-handling model based on throwing, catching, and propagating errors. Errors must conform to the Error protocol and are handled using do-try-catch blocks.
Key components include:
throwskeyword for functionstry,try?, andtry!- Custom error enums
Example:
enum LoginError: Error {
case invalidCredentials
}
func login(user: String) throws {
throw LoginError.invalidCredentials
}
This approach enforces explicit error handling and improves reliability by preventing silent failures, making Swift applications more robust and maintainable.
17) What is dependency injection in Swift, and why is it important?
Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern where an object receives its dependencies from an external source rather than creating them internally. In Swift, DI improves modularity, testability, and code flexibility.
Types of dependency injection include:
- Constructor injection
- Property injection
- Method injection
Example:
class NetworkService { }
class ViewModel {
let service: NetworkService
init(service: NetworkService) {
self.service = service
}
}
By injecting dependencies, developers can easily swap implementations, such as mock services during testing, without changing core logic. DI is widely used in scalable Swift applications.
18) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using closures in Swift.
Closures are powerful tools in Swift, but they come with both benefits and drawbacks.
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Concise syntax | Can reduce readability |
| Enables async callbacks | Risk of retain cycles |
| Captures context | Debugging complexity |
| Functional programming | Overuse can confuse flow |
Closures are commonly used for completion handlers, animations, and functional transformations. However, improper use, especially with strong reference captures, can lead to memory leaks. Using [weak self] or [unowned self] mitigates this risk.
Closures should be used thoughtfully to balance expressiveness and maintainability.
19) What is the difference between weak and unowned references in Swift?
Both weak and unowned references are used to prevent retain cycles under ARC. The key difference is how they handle deallocation.
| Aspect | weak | unowned |
|---|---|---|
| Optional | Yes | No |
| Set to nil | Automatically | No |
| Safety | Safer | Risky if misused |
| Use case | Delegates | Guaranteed lifetime |
Example:
weak var delegate: SomeDelegate?
weak is preferred when the referenced object may become nil. unowned should only be used when the lifecycle is guaranteed, such as parent-child relationships.
20) How does concurrency work in Swift using GCD and async/await?
Swift supports concurrency through Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) and the newer async/await model. GCD uses queues to manage background tasks, while async/await provides a more readable and structured concurrency approach.
Example (async/await):
func fetchData() async throws -> String {
return "Data loaded"
}
Async/await eliminates callback nesting, improves readability, and reduces error-prone code. GCD is still useful for low-level task management, but modern Swift development increasingly favors structured concurrency.
21) What are access control levels in Swift, and why are they important?
Access control in Swift restricts how code entities such as classes, methods, properties, and variables can be accessed from different parts of a program. It is a critical feature for building secure, maintainable, and modular applications. Swift provides five access control levels that define visibility scope.
| Access Level | Scope |
|---|---|
open |
Accessible and subclassable outside module |
public |
Accessible outside module |
internal |
Default, accessible within module |
fileprivate |
Accessible within same file |
private |
Accessible within same declaration |
Access control prevents unintended usage of internal logic and enforces architectural boundaries. For example, marking helper methods as private ensures they are not misused by external callers. This becomes especially important in large codebases and frameworks.
22) Explain the difference between open and public access modifiers in Swift.
Although open and public appear similar, they differ significantly when subclassing and overriding behavior is involved. Both allow access outside the defining module, but only open permits inheritance and method overriding outside the module.
| Feature | open | public |
|---|---|---|
| Accessible outside module | Yes | Yes |
| Subclassable outside module | Yes | No |
| Overridable outside module | Yes | No |
Example use case: Framework developers use public when they want to expose functionality but prevent customization. open is used when extensibility is intended, such as UI frameworks allowing subclass customization.
This distinction allows Swift to balance safety with extensibility in API design.
23) What is lazy initialization in Swift, and when should it be used?
Lazy initialization delays the creation of a property until it is accessed for the first time. In Swift, this is achieved using the lazy keyword and is commonly used to improve performance and reduce unnecessary memory usage.
Example:
class DataManager {
lazy var dataSource = loadData()
func loadData() -> [String] {
return ["A", "B", "C"]
}
}
Lazy properties are especially useful when initialization is expensive, such as loading files, network requests, or database connections. They must always be declared as variables (var) because their value is set after initialization.
Lazy initialization improves startup performance and resource efficiency when used appropriately.
24) What are extensions in Swift, and what problems do they solve?
Extensions allow developers to add new functionality to existing types without modifying their original implementation. Swift extensions can add methods, computed properties, protocol conformance, and nested types.
Example:
extension Int {
func squared() -> Int {
return self * self
}
}
Extensions promote cleaner code organization by grouping related functionality. They are especially useful when conforming types to protocols or adding utility methods. Unlike subclasses, extensions do not support stored properties, which maintains memory safety.
Extensions help keep code modular, readable, and maintainable, particularly in large projects.
25) Explain the difference between static and class methods in Swift.
Both static and class keywords define type-level methods, but their behavior differs in inheritance scenarios.
| Keyword | Can be overridden | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| static | No | Fixed implementation |
| class | Yes | Designed for subclassing |
Example:
class Vehicle {
class func type() -> String {
return "Vehicle"
}
}
Use static when behavior should remain unchanged across subclasses. Use class when polymorphism is required. This distinction is important in framework and API design where extensibility decisions matter.
26) What are higher-order functions in Swift? Answer with examples.
Higher-order functions are functions that either accept other functions as parameters or return functions as results. Swift heavily supports this concept through closures and collection methods.
Common higher-order functions include:
mapfilterreducecompactMapflatMap
Example:
let values = [1, 2, 3, 4]
let doubled = values.map { $0 * 2 }
Higher-order functions improve code expressiveness and reduce imperative boilerplate. They are widely used in functional programming and are fundamental to writing clean, declarative Swift code.
27) What is a retain cycle, and how can it be prevented in Swift?
A retain cycle occurs when two or more class instances hold strong references to each other, preventing ARC from deallocating them. This results in memory leaks.
Common scenario:
Closures capturing self strongly inside classes.
Prevention techniques:
- Use
weakreferences - Use
unownedreferences - Capture lists in closures
Example:
someClosure = { [weak self] in
self?.doSomething()
}
Understanding retain cycles is essential for building memory-efficient iOS applications, particularly when working with closures and delegates.
28) Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous code in Swift.
Synchronous code blocks execution until a task completes, whereas asynchronous code allows execution to continue while the task runs in the background.
| Aspect | Synchronous | Asynchronous |
|---|---|---|
| Execution | Blocking | Non-blocking |
| Performance | Slower UI | Responsive UI |
| Use case | Simple tasks | Network calls |
Swift handles asynchronous programming using GCD, completion handlers, and async/await. Asynchronous code is critical for maintaining smooth user experiences in real-world applications.
29) What is Codable in Swift, and why is it useful?
Codable is a protocol that enables easy encoding and decoding of data between Swift objects and external representations such as JSON or Property Lists. It combines Encodable and Decodable.
Example:
struct User: Codable {
let id: Int
let name: String
}
Codable reduces boilerplate code and improves reliability when handling APIs. It ensures type safety and integrates seamlessly with Swift’s standard library, making it the preferred solution for data serialization.
30) What are key differences between Array, Set, and Dictionary in Swift?
Swift provides three primary collection types, each optimized for different use cases.
| Collection | Ordered | Unique Values | Key-Based |
|---|---|---|---|
| Array | Yes | No | No |
| Set | No | Yes | No |
| Dictionary | No | Keys unique | Yes |
Choosing the correct collection improves performance and clarity. Arrays are best for ordered data, Sets for uniqueness, and Dictionaries for fast key-based lookups.
31) What is Protocol-Oriented Programming in Swift, and why is it preferred over inheritance?
Protocol-Oriented Programming (POP) is a core design philosophy in Swift that emphasizes defining behavior using protocols rather than relying heavily on class inheritance. In POP, protocols define what a type can do, and protocol extensions provide default implementations. This approach avoids many problems associated with deep inheritance hierarchies, such as tight coupling and fragile base classes.
POP works with structs, enums, and classes, making it more flexible than object-oriented inheritance. It also encourages composition over inheritance, which improves testability and scalability.
Example: Swift’s standard library types such as Array and Dictionary rely heavily on protocols like Sequence and Collection, demonstrating how POP enables reusable and consistent behavior across unrelated types.
32) Explain the difference between delegation and notification patterns in iOS using Swift.
Delegation and notification are two common communication patterns in iOS development. Delegation establishes a one-to-one relationship where one object communicates back to another via a protocol. Notifications follow a one-to-many model where multiple observers can listen for events.
| Aspect | Delegation | Notification |
|---|---|---|
| Relationship | One-to-one | One-to-many |
| Coupling | Tight | Loose |
| Performance | Faster | Slightly slower |
| Use case | User actions | Global events |
Delegation is ideal for handling user interactions, while notifications are better suited for broadcasting system-wide changes such as keyboard appearance.
33) What is the difference between frame and bounds in Swift UI development?
frame and bounds define a view’s size and position, but in different coordinate systems. frame is relative to the superview, while bounds is relative to the view itself.
| Property | frame | bounds |
|---|---|---|
| Coordinate system | Parent view | Own view |
| Position included | Yes | No |
| Affected by transforms | Yes | No |
Understanding this distinction is critical when performing animations, transformations, or custom drawing operations.
34) How does Auto Layout work in Swift, and what are constraints?
Auto Layout is a layout system that dynamically calculates view sizes and positions based on constraints. Constraints define relationships such as spacing, alignment, and size ratios between UI elements.
Auto Layout adapts layouts to different screen sizes, orientations, and accessibility settings. Constraints can be defined using Interface Builder, anchors, or programmatically.
Example:
view.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: parent.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
Auto Layout ensures responsive and adaptive UI design, which is essential for modern iOS apps.
35) What are generics constraints in Swift? Answer with examples.
Generic constraints restrict the types that can be used with generics, improving type safety. Constraints can require a type to conform to a protocol or inherit from a specific class.
Example:
func printValues<T: Comparable>(_ a: T, _ b: T) {
print(max(a, b))
}
Generic constraints are essential for writing reusable yet controlled abstractions. They allow developers to enforce behavior requirements while maintaining flexibility.
36) Explain the difference between copy, strong, and weak in Swift memory management.
These keywords define how references are managed under ARC.
| Reference | Retain Count | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| strong | Increases | Default ownership |
| weak | No increase | Avoid retain cycles |
| copy | Creates new | Value isolation |
copy is commonly used with collections or strings to ensure immutability, while weak is essential for delegate patterns.
37) What is method swizzling in Swift, and when should it be avoided?
Method swizzling is a runtime technique that changes the implementation of an existing method. While powerful, it is dangerous and discouraged in Swift because it bypasses compile-time safety.
Swizzling can lead to unpredictable behavior, break system updates, and complicate debugging. It should only be used in controlled scenarios such as analytics or debugging frameworks.
Swift’s emphasis on safety and static dispatch makes swizzling a last resort.
38) How does Swift handle thread safety and data races?
Swift handles concurrency using GCD, locks, and the modern Swift Concurrency model. Actors are a key feature that provide data isolation by ensuring only one task can access mutable state at a time.
Example:
actor Counter {
var value = 0
func increment() {
value += 1
}
}
Actors simplify thread safety and reduce the likelihood of data races, making concurrent programming safer and more approachable.
39) What is the difference between @escaping and non-escaping closures in Swift?
Closures are non-escaping by default, meaning they are executed within the function’s scope. Escaping closures outlive the function call and must be explicitly marked with @escaping.
| Aspect | Non-Escaping | Escaping |
|---|---|---|
| Lifetime | Short | Long |
| Performance | Faster | Slight overhead |
| Use case | Immediate logic | Async callbacks |
Understanding escaping closures is critical for memory management and avoiding retain cycles.
40) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using SwiftUI compared to UIKit?
SwiftUI is a declarative UI framework introduced by Apple, while UIKit is imperative.
| SwiftUI Advantages | SwiftUI Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Less boilerplate | Limited backward support |
| Live previews | Less mature |
| Declarative syntax | Fewer customization hooks |
SwiftUI accelerates development but UIKit remains necessary for complex or legacy applications. Many production apps use a hybrid approach.
🔍 Top Swift Interview Questions with Real-World Scenarios & Strategic Responses
1) What are the key features of Swift that differentiate it from Objective-C?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer wants to assess your understanding of Swift fundamentals and why it is preferred for modern iOS development.
Example answer: Swift offers strong type safety, optionals to prevent null reference errors, automatic memory management through ARC, and improved readability with a clean syntax. It also provides powerful features such as value types, protocol-oriented programming, and pattern matching, which make applications safer and easier to maintain compared to Objective-C.
2) Can you explain the difference between value types and reference types in Swift?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer is testing your understanding of memory management and data behavior in Swift.
Example answer: Value types, such as structs and enums, are copied when they are assigned or passed, ensuring data isolation. Reference types, such as classes, share the same memory reference, meaning changes in one place affect all references. Choosing between them depends on whether shared mutable state is required.
3) How do optionals work in Swift, and why are they important?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer wants to know how you handle nil values safely and avoid runtime crashes.
Example answer: Optionals represent the presence or absence of a value. They are important because they force developers to explicitly handle nil cases using optional binding, optional chaining, or guard statements. This design significantly reduces unexpected crashes and improves application stability.
4) Describe a situation where you used protocol-oriented programming in Swift.
Expected from candidate: The interviewer wants to see how you apply advanced Swift concepts in real projects.
Example answer: In my previous role, I used protocol-oriented programming to define shared behavior across multiple view models. By using protocols with default implementations, I reduced code duplication and improved testability while keeping components loosely coupled.
5) How do you manage memory effectively in Swift applications?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer is evaluating your understanding of ARC and performance considerations.
Example answer: At a previous position, I managed memory by carefully using weak and unowned references to avoid retain cycles, especially in closures and delegate patterns. I also used Instruments to identify memory leaks and ensured view controllers were properly deallocated.
6) How do you handle asynchronous operations in Swift?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer wants to know how you manage concurrency and responsiveness in applications.
Example answer: I handle asynchronous operations using Grand Central Dispatch and Swift concurrency features such as async and await. These tools allow me to keep the user interface responsive while performing background tasks like network calls or data processing.
7) Describe a challenging bug you encountered in a Swift project and how you resolved it.
Expected from candidate: The interviewer is assessing your problem-solving approach and debugging skills.
Example answer: At my previous job, I encountered a crash caused by force-unwrapping an optional during a network response. I resolved it by introducing proper optional binding and adding defensive checks, which eliminated the crash and improved error handling throughout the module.
8) How do you ensure code quality and maintainability in Swift projects?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer wants insight into your development discipline and teamwork practices.
Example answer: I ensure code quality by following Swift style guidelines, writing modular code, and using meaningful naming conventions. I also rely on code reviews, unit tests, and documentation to make sure the codebase remains maintainable and understandable for the entire team.
9) How would you handle a situation where a feature must be delivered quickly but the requirements are unclear?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer wants to evaluate your communication and decision-making skills under pressure.
Example answer: I would start by clarifying the core requirements with stakeholders and identifying the minimum viable functionality. I would then communicate assumptions clearly, implement the feature iteratively, and remain flexible to incorporate feedback while meeting the deadline.
10) What motivates you to work with Swift and iOS development?
Expected from candidate: The interviewer wants to understand your passion and long-term interest in the technology.
Example answer: In my last role, I was motivated by Swift’s focus on safety, performance, and modern language design. Building applications that directly impact users while working with a continuously evolving ecosystem keeps me engaged and eager to grow as a developer.
