Nagios Hướng dẫn: Là gì Nagios Dụng cụ? Archikiến trúc & lắp đặt
David Carter
⚡ Tóm tắt thông minh
Nagios is an open-source monitoring platform that continuously watches servers, networks, applications, and services, alerting teams to failures in real time so problems are resolved quickly across an entire DevOps infrastructure.
Nagios is one of the most widely used open-source tools for the continuous monitoring of IT infrastructure. This tutorial explains what Nagios is, how its client-server architecture and plugins work, how to install it on AWS, and where it fits within a modern DevOps quy trình làm việc.
Giám sát liên tục là gì?
Continuous monitoring is the practice of detecting, reporting, and responding to every issue or attack that occurs across an infrastructure. Once an application is deployed to a server, continuous monitoring takes over the job of watching the company’s systems and responding appropriately. It complements continuous integration tools such as Jenkins by extending automated oversight into production.
Là gì Nagios?
Nagios is open-source software for the continuous monitoring of systems, networks, and infrastructures. It runs plugins that are stored on a server and connected to a host or another server on your network or the Internet. Whenever a failure occurs, Nagios raises an alert so that the technical team can begin the recovery process immediately.
Because it watches systems, applications, services, and business processes around the clock, Nagios is a popular choice for continuous monitoring within a DevOps culture.
Tại sao chúng ta cần Nagios?
Here are the important reasons to use the Nagios công cụ giám sát:
- Detects all types of network and server issues.
- Helps you find the root cause of a problem so you can apply a permanent solution.
- Actively monitors your entire infrastructure and business processes.
- Lets you monitor and troubleshoot server performance issues.
- Helps you plan infrastructure upgrades before outdated systems create failures.
- Helps you maintain the security and availability of your services.
- Can automatically fix problems in critical situations.
Lịch sử của Nagios
1996 – Ethan Galstad creates a simple MS-DOS application that “pings” Novell NetWare servers and sends numeric pages. The basic architectural concept later used for Nagios được sinh ra.
1998 – Ethan uses the ideas and architecture of his earlier work to begin building a new application that runs on Hệ điều hành Linux.
1999 – The project is released as open source under the name “NetSaint.” The plugins originally distributed as part of the NetSaint distribution are soon split into a separate Nagios Plugins project.
2002 – Ethan renames the project to “Nagios” vì vấn đề nhãn hiệu với cái tên “NetSaint.”
2005 - Nagios trở thành SourceForge.net Project of the Month in June.
2007 – Ethan founds Nagios Enterprises, LLC to provide consulting and development services around Nagios.
2009 - Nagios Doanh nghiệp ra mắt phiên bản thương mại đầu tiên, Nagios XI. The open-source project is renamed Nagios Cốt lõi.
2010 - Nagios Fusion is released as a central dashboard for multiple monitoring servers.
2013 - Nagios Core 4 is released, along with Nagios Network Analyzer and the NCPA cross-platform agent.
2014 - Nagios Log Server is released for enterprise log monitoring and management.
2015 - Nagios XI 5 arrives with over 200 enhancements and improvements.
2016 - Nagios Core surpasses 7,500,000 downloads directly from the SourceForgetrang web .net.
2017 - Nagios Log Server 2 is released, and Nagios crosses 1,200 software downloads per day.
2019 – Ethan Galstad steps down as CEO of Nagios Enterprises and hires a successor.
2022 – Ethan Galstad resumes his position as CEO.
2023 – The 2024R1 versions of Nagios XI, Log Server, Network Analyzer, and Fusion are released with major updates to each product.
2024 - Nagios Enterprises celebrates its 25th anniversary and Nagios XI its 15th. Nagios Core surpasses 8,500,000 SourceForge.net downloads, the Nagios Library site is relaunched, and the first version of the Nagios Core Services Platform (CSP) ships to the community.
2025 – The sixth Nagios World Conference is held at company headquarters in St. Paul, MN. Nagios reports more than 10,000 customers and grows to 100 employees. Nagios Log Server 2026 ships with a new Simple Search homepage and an upgrade to OpenSeatháng 3 năm 3.1.0.
2026 - Nagios Core 4.5.x continues with maintenance and security releases (4.5.11 in January, 4.5.13 in May), while Nagios XI moves to the 2026R1 series with new configuration wizards for Red Hat OpenShift. Nagios World Conference 2026 is scheduled for September 14–17 in St. Paul, MN.
Đặc điểm của Nagios
The following are the important features of the Nagios công cụ giám sát:
- Tương đối có thể mở rộng, quản lý và an toàn.
- Provides a good log and database system.
- Offers informative and attractive web interfaces.
- Automatically sends alerts when a condition changes.
- Skips redundant checks when services are already running fine.
- Helps you detect network errors and server crashes.
- Lets you troubleshoot server performance issues.
- Fixes issues automatically as they are identified during monitoring.
- Monitors your entire business process and IT infrastructure in a single pass.
- Uses an architecture that makes it easy to write new plugins in the language of your choice.
- Reads its configuration from an entire directory, helping you decide how to define individual files.
- Uses topology to determine host dependencies.
- Monitors network services such as HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP, SSH, and POP.
- Helps you define a network host hierarchy using parent hosts.
- Lets you define event handlers that run during service or host events for proactive problem resolution.
- Supports the implementation of redundant monitoring hosts.
Nagios Archikiến trúc
Nagios uses a client-server architecture. On a typical network, the Nagios server runs on a host, while plugins run on all the remote hosts that need to be monitored.
- The scheduler is a component of the server part of Nagios. It sends a signal to execute the plugins on the remote host.
- The plugin gets the status from the remote host.
- The plugin sends the data back to the process scheduler.
- The process scheduler updates the GUI, and notifications are sent to administrators.
bổ sung
Nagios plugins provide the low-level intelligence that tells Nagios Core how to monitor almost anything. A plugin acts as a standalone application, but it is designed to be executed by Nagios Cốt lõi. Nó kết nối với Apache, which is controlled by CGI to display the result, while a connected database keeps the log files.
Các plugin hoạt động như thế nào?
Consider the example above:
- Check_nt is a plugin used to monitor a Windows machine, and it is usually available on the monitoring server.
- NSClient++ should be installed on every Windows machine that you want to monitor.
- An SSL connection between the server and the host continuously exchanges information between them.
Similarly, the NRPE (Nagios Remote Plugin Executor) and NSCA plugins are used to monitor Linux and Mac OS X hosts respectively.
GUI
Nagios interface displays web pages generated by CGI. It can show status through colored buttons (green or red), sounds, graphs, and more.
When a soft alert is raised repeatedly, it becomes a hard alert, and the Nagios server then sends a notification to the administrator.
Làm thế nào để cài đặt Nagios Công cụ tại AWS
Bước 1) Theo dõi Nagios.
Tới Nagios listing on AWS Marketplace and click Continue to Subscribe.
Bước 2) Read the terms and conditions, then accept them.
Bước 3) View the message. You will see a subscription-pending message.
Bước 4) Do the configuration. Refresh the page after a few minutes and click Continue to Configuration.
Bước 5) Khởi động Nagios. Keep the default settings and click Continue to Launch.
Bước 6) Review the settings, create a new key, and click Launch.
Bước 7) Note the public DNS of your instance.
Bước 8) Convert the pem file to ppk. On your Windows machine, use the PuTTY generator to convert the pem file to a ppk file.
Bước 9) In PuTTY, enter the public DNS.
Bước 10) In the Auth section, enter the ppk key and click Open.
Bước 11) In the terminal, enter the login name as ubuntu and run the command.
- Chạy lệnh này: sudo htpasswd -c /etc/nagios3/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
- Nhập mật khẩu mới theo lựa chọn của bạn.
Bước 12) Open your browser and go to http://<Public DNS>/nagios3 (in this example, http://ec2-54-209-48-136.compute-1.amazonaws.com/nagios3/).
Nhập tên người dùng: nagiosadmin
Password: the one set in the previous step.
Bước 13) Nagios installation is done, and Nagios tải trọng.
Ứng dụng của Nagios
Nagios công cụ giám sát mạng is a health-check and monitoring system for a typical data centre, covering all types of equipment, such as:
- Servers and network nodes.
- Application monitoring from a single console.
- Application monitoring with transaction-level insights.
- Middleware and messaging components.
- Báo cáo và bảng điều khiển có thể tùy chỉnh.
- UPS backup systems.
- Bio-metric identification systems.
- Temperature and humidity control systems (sensing mechanisms).
- CCTV and NVR systems.
- Storage subsystems (NAS and SAN).
Nhược điểm của việc sử dụng Nagios
- Important features such as wizards and interactive dashboards are only available in Nagios XI, which is a fairly expensive tool.
- Nagios Core has a confusing interface for new users.
- It uses many configuration files that can be hard to set up.
- Nagios cannot monitor network throughput.
- The tool lets you monitor the network but not manage it.
- Nagios makes no distinction between devices such as servers, routers, or switches, because it treats every device as a host.
