Comment valider une réception de marchandises : SAP MIGO
Olivia Turner
⚡ Résumé intelligent
Enregistrer l'entrée de marchandises dans SAP using transaction MIGO. Action A01 with reference R01 pulls purchase order items onto the screen, and posting updates stock, valuation, and the purchase order history together.
What is Goods Receipt in SAP MM ?
A goods receipt records that material ordered from a vendor has physically arrived. It is the point where a purchase order stops being a promise and starts affecting inventory and accounting.
Posting a receipt updates three things at once:
- Stock: The quantity is added to the receiving plant and storage location in the stock type determined by the material master.
- Comptabilité: For a valuated material an accounting document debits the stock account and credits the goods receipt or invoice receipt clearing account.
- Purchase order history: The order item records the received quantity, which is what later invoice verification checks the vendor invoice against.
Because all three happen in one posting, a wrong entry has consequences beyond the warehouse. Correcting it means reversing the document rather than editing it, which is covered in cancelling a goods receipt.
Étapes pour enregistrer l'entrée de marchandises dans SAP
In this tutorial, we will learn how to post a goods receipt.
Étape 1) Vous pouvez enregistrer l'entrée de marchandises pour une commande d'achat à l'aide du code de transaction MIGO. Supposons que nous souhaitions effectuer une réception de marchandises pour notre commande d'achat 4500018386.
- Choisissez A01 – Entrée de marchandises.
- Choisissez R01 - Bon de commande.
- Entrez votre numéro de bon de commande.
- Presse ENTRER.
Étape 2) Vous pouvez voir que les éléments du bon de commande ont été transférés à l’écran.
- Ici, vous pouvez saisir les données du document, la date comptable et choisir le type de message d'impression approprié.
- If you look at the Stock Type for both items, you can see that the first item is posted to quality inspection, and the second is posted directly to Unrestricted stock so it can be used before quality check. This is the example of the influence of the material master data on further processing in MM module. This is due to the Purchasing view check box “Post to inspection stock”, which is checked for LCD TV 40″ but isn’t checked for LCD TV 32″.
Étape 3) Nous pouvons désormais vérifier si les articles sont OK et valider l'entrée de marchandises (PGR).
- Ces cases à cocher sont utilisées pour confirmer que les éléments sont OK, sinon vous ne pourrez pas faire de PGR.
- Après avoir coché les cases, vérifiez si le document est prêt à être publié. S'il y a des avertissements ou des erreurs, le système les affichera dans un écran contextuel. Dans notre cas, tout est prêt à être publié.
- Postez le document.
Le document est enregistré et un numéro lui est attribué.
Astuce : Note the material document number from the status bar. It is the only reference that reverses the posting later, and searching for it afterwards through the purchase order history is far slower than writing it down now.
MIGO Action and Reference Document Codes
The two dropdown boxes at the top of MIGO decide everything the transaction does. The first names the action, the second names the document the action refers to.
| Action Code | Action | Référence typique |
|---|---|---|
| A01 | La réception des marchandises | Purchase order, production order, inbound delivery |
| A02 | Livraison de retour | Material document of the original receipt |
| A03 | Annulation | Material document to be reversed |
| A04 | Écran | Any material document, read only |
| A05 | Release GR Blocked Stock | Material document of the blocked receipt |
| A06 | Subsequent Delivery | Material document of an earlier partial receipt |
| A07 | Sortie de marchandises | Order, reservation, or without reference |
| A08 | Transfer Posting | Reservation or without reference |
The reference codes used most often are R01 Purchase Order, R02 Material Document, R03 Delivery Note, R04 Order, and R08 Reservation. Choosing A01 with R01, as in the example above, is the standard purchase to pay receipt. Choosing A03 with R02 is the reversal.
Stock Types on a Goods Receipt
The worked example above shows two items from one order landing in different stock types. That behaviour is not a setting on the purchase order; it comes from master data and quality configuration.
| Type de stock | Available for use? | What sends stock there |
|---|---|---|
| Utilisation sans restriction | Oui | Default when no inspection or block applies |
| Contrôle de la qualité | No, until a usage decision | Post to inspection stock flag, or an active QM inspection type |
| Actions bloquées | Non | Selected manually on the receipt for doubtful material |
| GR blocked stock | No, and not yet valuated | Non valuated receipt used when ownership has not transferred |
Three practical consequences follow. Stock in quality inspection cannot be issued to production until released, so an incorrectly flagged material stalls the shop floor. Blocked stock stays valuated and still appears in the balance sheet. And moving quantity between these types afterwards is a mutation, not a new receipt.
Where inspection is active, the usage decision that releases the stock is covered in the SAP Tutoriel d'inspection finale QM. Once the invoice arrives, verification matches it against the quantity received here and, if a variance appears, blocks it until someone can publier la facture.
