PHP preg_match(): Reguljära uttryck (Regex)

What is Regular expression in PHP?

PHP regular expressions, also known as regex, are a powerful pattern matching tool that can be performed in a single expression. Regular expressions use special characters such as +, -, and ^ to create complex expressions. They can help you accomplish tasks such as validating email addresses, IP addresses, and more.

Varför använda reguljära uttryck

• PHP regular expressions simplify identifying patterns in string data by calling a single function. This saves us coding time.
• When validating user input such as email addresses, domain names, telephone numbers, and IP addresses
• Markera nyckelord i sökresultaten
• När du skapar en anpassad HTML-mall. Regex i PHP kan användas för att identifiera malltaggarna och ersätta dem med faktiska data.

Inbyggda reguljära uttrycksfunktioner i PHP

PHP has built-in functions that allow us to work with regular expressions, which we will learn in this tutorial. Let us look at the commonly used regular expression functions in PHP.

• preg_match() in PHP – this function is used to perform pattern matching on a string. It returns true if a match is found and false if a match is not found.
• preg_split() in PHP – this function is used to perform a pattern match on a string and then split the results into a numeric array.
• preg_replace() i PHP – den här funktionen används för att utföra en mönstermatchning på en sträng och sedan ersätta matchningen med den angivna texten.

Below is the syntax for a regular expression function such as preg_match(), preg_split(), or preg_replace().

<?php
function_name('/pattern/',subject);
?>

HÄR,

• “function_name(…)” is either preg_match(), preg_split(), or preg_replace().
• “/…/” the forward slashes denote the beginning and end of our regular expression
• “‘/pattern/'” is the pattern that we need to match
• "ämne" är textsträngen som ska matchas mot

Let us now look at practical examples that implement the above PHP regex functions.

Preg_match() i PHP

The first example uses the preg_match() function to perform a simple pattern match for the word guru in a given URL.

The code below shows the implementation of the preg_match() function for the above example.

<?php
$my_url = "www.guru99.com";
if (preg_match("/guru/", $my_url))
{
echo "the url $my_url contains guru";
}
else
{
echo "the url $my_url does not contain guru";
}
?>

Bläddra till URL http://localhost/phptuts/preg_match_simple.php

Let us examine the part of the code responsible for our output, preg_match(‘/guru/’, $my_url). HERE,

• "preg_match(...)" är PHP regex-funktionen
• "'/guru/'" är det reguljära uttrycksmönstret som ska matchas
• "$my_url" är variabeln som innehåller texten som ska matchas mot.

PHP Preg_split()

Let us now look at another example that uses the preg_split() function.

Vi kommer att ta en strängfras och explodera den till en array; mönstret som ska matchas är ett enda utrymme.

Textsträngen som ska användas i det här exemplet är "Jag älskar reguljära uttryck".

Koden nedan illustrerar implementeringen av exemplet ovan.

<?php

$my_text = "I Love Regular Expressions";

$my_array = preg_split("/ /", $my_text);

print_r($my_array );

?>

Bläddra till URL http://localhost/phptuts/preg_split.php

PHP Preg_replace()

Let us now look at the preg_replace() PHP-funktion som utför en mönstermatchning och sedan ersätter mönstret med något annat.

Koden nedan söker efter ordet guru i en sträng.

It replaces the word guru with the word guru surrounded by CSS code that highlights the background color.

<?php

$text = "We at Guru99 strive to make quality education affordable to the masses. Guru99.com";

$text = preg_replace("/Guru/", '<span style="background:yellow">Guru</span>', $text);

echo $text;

?>

Assuming you have saved the file preg_replace.php, browse to the URL http://localhost/phptuts/preg_replace.php

Reguljära uttrycksmetakaraktärer

The above examples used very basic patterns. Metacharacters allow us to perform more complex pattern matches, such as testing the validity of an email address. Let us now look at the commonly used metacharacters.

Listan ovan ger bara de vanligaste metatecken i reguljära uttryck.

Let us now look at a fairly complex example that checks the validity of an email address.

<?php
$my_email = "name@company.com";
if (preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$/", $my_email)) {
echo "$my_email is a valid email address";
}
else
{
echo "$my_email is NOT a valid email address";
}
?>

Explaining the Email Validation Pattern

HÄR,

• “/…/” starts and ends the regular expression
• “^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]” matches any lower or upper case letters, numbers between 0 and 9, and dots, underscores, or dashes.
• “+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]” matches the @ symbol followed by lower or upper case letters, numbers between 0 and 9, or dashes.
• “+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$/” escapes the dot using the backslash, then matches any lower or upper case letters with a character length between 2 and 5 at the end of the string.

Bläddra till URL http://localhost/phptuts/preg_match.php

As you can see from the above breakdown, metacharacters are very powerful when it comes to matching patterns.

Vanliga frågor