什么是 Tableau？Tableau 软件工具的用途
大卫卡特
⚡ 智能摘要
Tableau is a data visualization platform used across the Business Intelligence industry to turn raw records into dashboards without programming. This page explains the product suite, licensing roles, how the engine connects to data, practical applications, and a direct comparison against Excel.
什么是Tableau？
画面 is a powerful and widely used data visualization tool in the Business Intelligence Industry. It helps in simplifying raw data in a very easily understandable format. Tableau helps create the data that can be understood by professionals at any level in an organization. It also allows non-technical users to create customized dashboards.
使用 Tableau 工具进行数据分析非常快，并且创建的可视化效果采用仪表板和工作表的形式。
Tableau 软件的最佳功能是
- 数据混合
- 实时分析
- 数据协作
The great thing about Tableau software is that it does not require any technical or any kind of programming skills to operate. The tool has garnered interest among the people from all sectors such as business, researchers, different industries, etc.
Tableau Software was founded in 2003 and was acquired by Salesforce in 2019. The product names used across the suite changed after that acquisition, so the section below reflects the current naming.
Tableau 产品套件
Tableau 产品套件包括
- Tableau桌面
- 画面公开
- Tableau Prep Builder
- Tableau Cloud (formerly Tableau Online)
- Tableau服务器
- Tableau Reader
The diagram above splits the five core products along the same line used below: authoring on one side, distribution on the other.
为了便于理解，Tableau 工具中的数据分析可以分为两部分。
- 开发者工具： The Tableau tools that are used for development such as the creation of dashboards, charts, report generation, visualization fall into this category. The Tableau products, under this category, are Tableau Desktop, Tableau Public, and Tableau Prep Builder.
- 共享工具: As the name suggests, the purpose of these Tableau products is sharing the visualizations, reports, dashboards that were created using the developer tools. Products that fall into this category are Tableau Cloud, Server, and Reader.
让我们逐一研究所有 Tableau 产品。
Tableau桌面
Tableau Desktop 具有丰富的功能集，允许您编写和自定义报告。从创建图表、报告到将它们混合在一起形成仪表板，所有必要的工作都在 Tableau Desktop 中完成。
For live data analysis, Tableau Desktop provides connectivity to Data Warehouse, as well as other various types of files. The workbooks and the dashboards created here can be either shared locally or publicly.
Tableau Desktop was historically sold as two editions, Personal and Professional, which differed in whether work could be published to a server. Those editions have been replaced by the role-based licensing explained later on this page, and Tableau Desktop now ships as part of a Creator 座位。
画面公开
这是专为注重性价比的用户打造的Tableau版本，这里的“公共”是指创建的工作簿不能保存在本地，而是保存到Tableau的公有云中，任何人都可以查看和访问。
保存到云中的文件没有隐私，因为任何人都可以下载和访问它们。此版本最适合想要学习 Tableau 的个人以及想要与公众分享数据的人。
Tableau Prep Builder
Tableau Prep Builder handles the cleaning step that comes before visualization. It provides a visual flow in which rows are filtered, columns split or merged, values standardised, and several sources joined or unioned together.
Each step previews the affected rows, so a data problem is visible while it is being fixed rather than after a chart looks wrong. Finished flows save as a data source that Tableau Desktop opens directly, and they can be scheduled to refresh on Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud.
Tableau服务器
该软件专门用于在整个组织内共享在 Tableau Desktop 应用程序中创建的工作簿和可视化。要共享 Tableau Server 中的仪表板，您必须首先在 Tableau Desktop 中发布您的工作。将工作上传到服务器后，只有获得许可的用户才能访问。
但是，获得许可的用户不必在其计算机上安装 Tableau Server。他们只需要登录凭据，即可通过 Web 浏览器检查报告。Tableau 服务器的安全性很高，非常适合在组织中快速有效地共享数据。
组织的管理员将始终完全控制服务器。硬件和软件由组织维护。
Tableau Cloud
Tableau Cloud, known as Tableau Online until 2022, is the hosted sharing service. Its functionalities are similar to Tableau Server, but the data is stored on servers hosted in the cloud which are maintained by the Tableau group, so no hardware has to be sized, patched, or upgraded by the customer.
Tableau Cloud connects directly to dozens of cloud-hosted data sources such as MySQL，蜂巢， Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, Databricks, and Spark SQL, and the connector list grows with each release.
To publish, both Tableau Cloud and Server require the workbooks created by Tableau Desktop. Data that is streamed from web applications such as Google Analytics and Salesforce is also supported by Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud.
Tableau Reader
Tableau Reader 是一款免费工具，可让您查看使用 Tableau Desktop 或 Tableau Public 创建的工作簿和可视化。可以过滤数据，但编辑和修改受到限制。Tableau Reader 的安全级别为零，因为任何获得工作簿的人都可以使用 Tableau Reader 查看它。
如果您想共享您创建的仪表板，接收者应该有 Tableau Reader 来查看文档。
Tableau Licensing: Creator, Explorer, and Viewer
Which products a person can actually open is decided by the licence attached to their account rather than by a separate installer. Since 2018 Tableau has sold three role-based seats, and every deployment mixes them.
| 状态 | 它包括什么 | 典型用户 |
|---|---|---|
| Creator | Tableau Desktop, Tableau Prep Builder, and full web authoring on Server or Cloud. Can connect to new data sources and publish them. | Analyst or developer who builds data sources and dashboards from scratch |
| 浏览器 | Web authoring on published data sources, editing existing workbooks, creating alerts and subscriptions. No Desktop or Prep Builder. | Power user who reshapes existing dashboards but does not model new data |
| 查看器 | Reading published dashboards, filtering, commenting, exporting, and subscribing. No authoring. | Manager or stakeholder who consumes reports |
Most organisations buy a few Creator seats, more Explorer seats, and Viewer seats for everyone else. Tableau Pulse, which pushes metric changes and plain-language explanations to users, is bundled with these seats rather than sold separately.
Tableau 如何工作？
Tableau 连接和 extracts the data stored in various places. It can pull data from any platform imaginable. A simple database such as an excel, pdf, to a complex database like Oracle，云中的数据库，例如 Amazon Web服务, Microsoft Azure SQL 数据库， Google Cloud SQL 和各种其他数据源可以……trac由 Tableau 提供。
When Tableau is launched, ready data connectors are available which allows you to connect to any database. Depending on the version of Tableau that you have purchased the number of data connectors supported by Tableau will vary. The mechanics of each connection type are covered separately in the guide to Tableau data connections.
提取的数据可以实时连接，也可以远程连接。tracted to the Tableau’s data engine, Tableau Desktop. This is where the Data analyst, data engineer work with the data that was pulled up and develop visualizations. The created dashboards are shared with the users as a static file. The users who receive the dashboards views the file using Tableau Reader.
The data from the Tableau Desktop can be published to the Tableau server. This is an enterprise platform where collaboration, distribution, governance, security model, automation features are supported. With the Tableau server, the end users have a better experience in accessing the files from all locations be it a desktop, mobile or email. The component-level detail of that platform is set out in the Tableau architecture 分解。
Tableau 用途
以下是 Tableau 的主要用途和应用：
- 商业智能
- 数据图
- 数据协作
- 数据混合
- 实时数据分析
- 查询翻译成可视化
- 导入大量数据
- 创建无代码数据查询
- 管理大量元数据
Because several of these uses overlap with a spreadsheet, the comparison below sets out where each tool is the better choice.
Excel 与 Tableau
Excel 和 Tableau 都是数据分析工具，但每种工具都有其独特的数据探索方法。不过，Tableau 中的分析功能比 Excel 更强大。
Excel 处理电子表格中的行和列，而 Tableau 则允许使用其拖放功能探索 Excel 数据。Tableau 将数据格式化为易于理解的图形和图片。
| 参数 | Excel | 画面 |
|---|---|---|
| 目的 | 用于处理数据的电子表格应用程序。 | 完美的可视化工具用于分析。 |
| 用法 | 最适合结构化数据的统计分析。 | 最适合快速、轻松地表示大数据，有助于解决大数据问题。 |
| 性能 | 中等速度，没有加速选项。 | 速度适中，并具有优化和增强操作进度的选项。 |
| 安保防护 | 与 Tableau 相比，内置安全功能较弱。需要定期安装安全更新。 | 无需脚本即可提供广泛的数据保护选项。内置了行级安全性和权限等安全功能。 |
| 用户界面 | 要充分利用 Excel，需要具备宏和 Visual Basic 脚本知识。 | 无需任何编码知识即可使用该工具。 |
| 业务需要 | 最适合用于准备包含小数据的开关报告 | 最适合处理大数据。 |
| 产品 | 与 MS Office 工具捆绑 | Comes with different versions such as Tableau Server, Tableau Cloud, and Tableau Desktop. |
| 之路 | Excel integrates with a few dozen add-ins and connectors | Tableau integrates with hundreds of native data connectors |
| 实时数据探索 | 当你在 Excel 中工作时，你需要知道你的数据会带你去哪里，以便获得洞察力 | In Tableau, you are free to explore data without even knowing the answer that you want. With the in-built features like data blending and drill-down, you will be able to determine the variations and data patterns. |
| 轻松可视化 | 在使用 Excel 时，我们首先处理现有数据，然后手动创建可视化效果，例如不同的图表、图形。为了使可视化效果易于理解，您应该充分了解 Excel 的功能。 | 而在 Tableau 中，数据从一开始就是可视化的。 |
总结一下，Tableau 胜过 Excel in major areas like the interactive dashboards, visualizations, capabilities to work with large-scale data and many more. Readers weighing a wider shortlist can compare it against other 商业智能工具 反对 Power BI 在提交之前。
