Tutorial Django: Fitur-fitur, Architekstur & Sejarah

Oleh: Anna Blake Anna Blake
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⚡ Ringkasan Cerdas

Django is a free, open-source Python web framework built on the model-view-template pattern, enabling rapid development of secure, scalable, database-driven websites through reusable components, an automatic admin interface, and batteries-included design.

  • 🔘 Kerangka: Django adalah bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi. Python framework for building complex, database-driven web applications quickly.
  • ☑️ Architekstur: The model-view-template (MVT) pattern lets Django manage the controller and separate data, logic, and presentation.
  • ✅ Baterai termasuk: Built-in admin, authentication, forms, and internationalization remove most repetitive setup work.
  • ️ Keamanan: Default safeguards block CSRF, cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and clickjacking attacks.
  • 🧪 Skala: Instagram, Pinterest, Mozilla, and Disqus rely on Django to serve very high traffic.
  • 🤖 AI: Django serves machine learning models as APIs, and assistants like GitHub Copilot speed up backend coding.
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Django Tutorial for Beginners

Django powers some of the largest sites on the web while keeping everyday development fast and organized. Before exploring its features, architecture, and history, the sections below start with the basics of web frameworks and what makes Django distinct.

Ringkasan Tutorial Django

This Django tutorial covers all the basic topics from scratch. In this tutorial, you will learn concepts such as what Django is, its history, its features, the characteristics of the Django framework, the components of Django, its advantages and disadvantages, and much more.

Before learning Django, let us understand:

Apa itu Kerangka Web?

A web framework is a code library that helps you build a flexible, scalable, and maintainable dynamic website, web app, or web service. Different web frameworks include Zend for PHP, Ruby on Rails for Ruby, and others.

Apakah Django itu?

Django adalah kerangka pengembangan web untuk Python which offers standard methods for fast and effective website development. The primary goal of this high-level web framework is to create complex database-driven websites. It helps you build and maintain quality web applications. It enables you to make the development process smooth and time-saving for rapid development.

Mengapa Django? Keuntungan Utama Django

Berikut adalah kelebihan utama Django:

  • Django is easy to set up and run. It offers a variety of options to get started.
  • It provides a ready-to-use user interface for administrative activities.
  • It enables multilingual websites by using its built-in internationalization system.
  • It helps you to meet massive traffic demands quickly.
  • Django is used to build all types of content management systems, social networks, as well as scientific computing platforms.
  • Django helps you to provide end-to-end application testing.
  • It helps you to document your API with an HTML output.
  • The REST framework has rich support for several authentication protocols.
  • It offers permissions and throttling policies.
  • Ini banyak digunakan untuk membatasi laju permintaan API dari satu pengguna.

Sejarah Django

Tahun Batu
2003 The project was started by Adrian Holovaty and Simon Willison as an internal project at the Lawrence Journal-World newspaper.
Juli 2005 It was released in July 2005 as “Django,” named after the jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt.
Juni 2008 It was declared that a Django Software Foundation (DSF) akan mempertahankan Django.
29 Juli 2009 Django 1.1 was released with features like aggregates and transaction-based tests.
17 Mei 2010 Django 1.2 was released. The update offered features like multiple databases and an email backend, and improvements were made for sessions and cookies.
Maret 23 2011 The 1.3 version introduced features like class-based views and static files.
Maret 23 2012 The 1.4 version launched with new features like time zones and in-browser testing.
26 Februari 2013 The 1.5 version came with Python 3 support and configurable user model features.
6 November 2013 The 1.6 version came with database transaction management and connection pooling features.
2 September 2014 The 1.7 version had new features like application loading, migrations, and configuration.
1 April 2015 Native support was provided for multiple template engines.
1 Dec 2015 In the 1.9 version, an automatic password validation feature was introduced.
1 Agustus 2016 In the 1.10 version, full-text search for PostgreSQL diluncurkan.
4 April 2017 The 1.11 version became the last version to support Python 2.7.
2 Dec 2017 Version 2.0 became the first Python 3-only release version.
1 Agustus 2018 Version 2.1 came with model “view” permission support features.
2021 Removed support for Django 3.0 and added Django 3.2 support.

Now in this Django for beginners tutorial, let us learn about the features of Django.

Fitur Django

Di bawah ini adalah fitur Django:

  • Membantu Anda mendefinisikan pola untuk URLs in your application.
  • Sederhana namun kuat URL sistem.
  • Built-in authentication system.
  • An object-oriented programming language database which offers best-in-class data storage and retrieval.
  • The automatic admin interface feature allows the functionality of adding, editing, and deleting items. You can customize the admin panel as per your need.
  • The cache framework comes with multiple cache mechanisms.

Now in this Django framework tutorial, we will learn about the characteristics of Django.

ARTIKEL TERKAIT

Karakteristik Django

Berikut adalah karakteristik utama Django:

  • Hubungan renggang – Django helps you to make each element of its stack independent of the others.
  • Less kode – Ensures effective development.
  • Not repeated – Everything should be developed in precisely one place instead of repeating it again.
  • Perkembangan cepat – Django offers fast and reliable application development.
  • Consistent design – Django maintains a clean design and makes it easy to follow the best web development practices.

Berikutnya dalam tutorial pemula Django ini, kita akan belajar tentang arsitektur Django.

Django Architekstur: MVC dan MVT

Berikut ini adalah arsitektur rinci Django:

Django Architekstur

Django Architekstur

Pola MVC

When talking about applications which provide a UI (web or desktop), we usually talk about MVC architecture. The MVC pattern is based on Model, View, and Controller.

The Pilih Model defines the data structure and takes care of querying the database.

The Liha mendefinisikan data apa yang harus disajikan dan mengembalikan respons HTTP.

The pengawas is the part of the application that handles the user interaction.

Pola Django MVC-MVT

The Model-View-Template (MVT) is a different concept compared to MVC. The main difference between these two architectural patterns is that Django itself manages the Controller part (the software code that controls the interactions between the Model and View). The template is an HTML file which is mixed with a Django Template Language file, also called DTL.

The diagram below shows how all the components of the MVT pattern interact with each other to serve a specific user request.

Django Architekstur: MVC dan MVT

MVT Architekstur

As seen in the diagram above, a user requests a resource from Django. Django acts as a controller and checks for the available resource in the URL.

Jika URL maps, a view is called that interacts with the model and template. Django then responds to the user and sends a template as a response.

Now in this Django tutorials for beginners series, we will learn about the components of Django.

Komponen Django

Bentuk

Django mempunyai perpustakaan formulir yang kuat yang menangani rendering formulir sebagai HTML. Perpustakaan membantu memvalidasi data yang dikirimkan dan mengonversinya Python jenis.

Otentikasi

It handles user accounts, groups, cookie-based user sessions, and more.

admin

Ia membaca metadata dalam model Anda untuk menyediakan antarmuka tangguh yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelola konten di situs Anda.

Internasionalisasi

Django provides support for translating text into various languages, and locale-specific formatting of dates, times, numbers, and time zones.

Security

Django provides safeguards against the following attacks:

  • Pemalsuan Permintaan Lintas Situs (CSRF)
  • Scripting lintas situs
  • Injeksi SQL
  • Clickjacking
  • Eksekusi kode jarak jauh

Perusahaan Terkenal Menggunakan Django

Here are companies that are using Django:

  • Bitbucket
  • Disqus
  • NASA
  • PBS (Layanan Penyiaran Publik)
  • pinterest
  • Instagram
  • Mozilla
  • The Washington Post
  • The New York Times
  • Los Angeles Times
  • Penjaga
  • Nasional geografis
  • discovery channel

Kekurangan menggunakan Django

Here are some disadvantages of using Django:

  • A single process cannot handle multiple requests simultaneously.
  • Django is a very monolithic tool.
  • Components get deployed together, which can create confusion.
  • Knowledge of the full system is needed to work on Django.
  • It makes web application components tightly coupled.
  • Anda perlu melakukan pemrograman yang panjang untuk tugas-tugas kecil.

Pertanyaan Umum Demo Slot

Django is primarily a backend framework, though it is often described as full-stack because its template layer renders HTML. It manages server-side logic, databases, routing, and security, while templates handle presentation for the browser.

Django is a batteries-included, full-stack framework with a built-in ORM, admin panel, and authentication. Flask is a lightweight microframework that stays minimal and relies on extensions for those same features, giving developers more manual control.

The Django ORM, or object-relational mapper, lets you define database tables as Python classes and query them with Python code instead of raw SQL. It supports databases such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, dan Oracle.

Run python -m django –version at the command line, or open a Python shell and run import django followed by print(django.get_version()). Both display the installed Django release number.

Middleware is a series of hooks that processes every request and response globally. Django uses middleware for sessions, authentication, CSRF protection, and security headers, each running in order before and after your view executes.

Pengetahuan kerja tentang Python and basic web concepts such as HTTP, HTML, and databases is required. Understanding object-oriented programming makes Django models and class-based views much easier to learn.

Yes. Django frequently serves machine learning models through views or the Django REST Framework, exposing predictions as API endpoints. A trained model loads once at startup and returns inference results to web or mobile clients.

GitHub Copilot and similar AI assistants autocomplete Django models, views, URL patterns, and tests, and can scaffold repetitive boilerplate. They speed up development, though generated code should always be reviewed for security and correctness.

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