云计算中的虚拟机管理程序是什么？类型和示例
伊森·赖特
⚡ 智能摘要
Hypervisor is virtualization software that lets a single physical machine run multiple operating systems as isolated virtual machines, allocating processor, memory, and storage to each guest while keeping them separated for security, efficiency, and hardware utilization.
什么是管理程序？
Hypervisor is a program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single physical hardware. Each operating system shares the host’s processor, memory, file storage, and other resources. The hypervisor controls the host processor and resources, allocating what is needed to each operating system. This ensures that the guest operating systems (called virtual machines) cannot interrupt each other.
Since hypervisors help create and manage virtual machines (VMs), they are also known as Virtual Machine Monitors, or VMMs.
Hypervisors help you retain control over a cloud environment’s processes and infrastructure, protect sensitive data, and make cloud-based applications accessible in a virtual environment.
虚拟机管理程序的类型
There are two types of hypervisors, as detailed below:
1 类虚拟机管理程序
Type 1 Hypervisor is installed directly on the physical server, so it is also called a “bare metal” hypervisor. It has direct access to the server’s resources, which makes it highly effective. Furthermore, its design is highly secure, limiting the attack surface and potential for compromise.
Type 1 Hypervisors are the most common enterprise choice, offering strong security, stability, and performance.
流行的 1 类虚拟机管理程序包括 努坦尼克斯 AHV, VMware的ESXi的和 Citrix Hypervisor，在其他之中。
2 类虚拟机管理程序
Type 2 Hypervisors run as applications on a physical server’s pre-existing OS. The host operating system sits between the physical server and the hypervisor, so it is also called a “hosted” hypervisor.
However, Type 2 Hypervisors are not ideal for server environments, as they have higher latency and risk exposure than Type 1. They are easy to install and work well in specific cases, such as individual PC users running only one OS, where performance and security are not principal concerns.
计费示例： 安装 Linux 结束 Windows 使用 VirtualBox.
什么是云计算管理程序？
A Cloud Hypervisor is a software solution that enables you to share the physical computing and memory resources of a cloud provider across multiple 虚拟机 (VM).
It was created for mainframe computers in the 1960s. Cloud hypervisors gained worldwide popularity with the introduction of VMware for industry-standard servers in the 1990s.
A Cloud Hypervisor allows a single physical server to run multiple guest virtual machines. Each VM has its own operating system that runs independently and is logically separated from the others. Because of this, problems or crashes in one guest VM do not affect the other VMs, their OSs, or their applications.
为什么需要云虚拟机管理程序？
Suppose you own a company with multiple servers providing various services to customers over the internet. In that situation, it is not easy to centrally manage them, particularly those running different operating systems.
A hypervisor lets you virtualize these servers and manage them all from one physical machine, making them more efficient. It also helps you control the data flow into the virtual machines it manages.
The hypervisor also acts as a storage center where all the data is stored virtually.
云计算虚拟机管理程序如何工作？
The following three modules are used in a hypervisor:
- 调度员： This module acts as an entry point for the virtual monitor. It reroutes all the virtual machine instructions to one or both modules listed below.
- 分配器： The allocator decides the system resources to be provided to the virtual machine instance. In other words, the dispatcher invokes the allocator whenever a virtual machine executes an instruction that changes the machine resources associated with that virtual machine.
- 口译员： The interpreter module contains routines that execute whenever a virtual machine runs specific privileged instructions.
云计算虚拟机管理程序的好处
Here are some important advantages of a Cloud Hypervisor:
- 可移植性： Applications with spikes in demand can connect additional machines to scale, because hypervisors allow workloads to move between virtual machines.
- 高效： One physical server can be used more effectively when multiple virtual machines run on a single machine’s resources.
- 用途： Multiple virtual machines run on a single physical server and share resources, increasing utilization while saving on power, cooling, and more.
- 硬件中性： 基于虚拟机管理程序的复制与硬件无关，这意味着重复数据可以轻松存储在任何设备上。
- 灵活性： The hypervisor runs guest VMs and OSs on a wide range of hardware.
- 使用时间： Cloud hypervisors turn virtual machines up or down instantly, so projects launch and teams start work the same day.
- 可靠性： 可以通过将虚拟机移动到不同的机器来解决硬件故障。
容器与虚拟机管理程序
Containers and hypervisors both help make applications faster and more efficient, but they achieve this goal differently.
Here are some important differences between a container and a hypervisor:
| 集装箱 | 管理程序 |
|---|---|
| 容器即服务是一种主要用于运行单个应用程序的基础设施。 | A hypervisor, also called a virtual machine monitor, is software that creates and runs 虚拟机 (VM). |
| 它可以在任何操作系统上运行，唯一的要求就是有相应的容器引擎。 | 它共享虚拟计算、存储和内存资源。 |
| 它允许应用程序无需操作系统即可运行。 | 它允许操作系统使用虚拟机独立于底层硬件运行。 |
| They are extremely portable because an application contains everything it requires to run. | 它可以在多种操作系统上运行，也可以安装在标准操作系统上。 |
如何选择正确的虚拟机管理程序？
Here are important things to consider when selecting the right hypervisor:
- The cost of a hypervisor: The most significant factor should be striking the right balance between cost and functionality. Several entry-level solutions are free but lack the necessary features.
- 虚拟机性能： Virtual systems should meet or even exceed the performance of their physical counterparts, so everything beyond this benchmark is undoubtedly profitable.
- 生态系统： Selecting a hypervisor with a strong ecosystem is essential. It is desirable to have documentation, support, training, third-party developers, and consultancies available for your chosen hypervisor.
- 测试自己： You can run various hypervisor systems to determine which one is right. It can be tested on your existing desktop or laptop.
- 性能： It should deliver enough performance to support your mission-critical applications.
- OS支持： Check whether it supports popular guest 操作系统 喜欢 Microsoft, SUSE, Red Hat, Ubuntu和 CentOS。
虚拟机管理程序示例
Here are some famous examples of hypervisors:
- 虚拟机： KVM is virtualization software that provides virtualization infrastructure and a processor-specific module. It enables you to run multiple virtual machines on unmodified images on Windows or Linux operating systems. It also helps with scheduling and resource control.
- vSphere： VMware vSphere is a server virtualization software application from VMware. IT departments can run application workloads on the most efficient and cost-effective computer resources. It offers an effective central management system for hosting multiple machines or servers using virtualization.
- Xen服务器： Citrix XenServer is an open-source server 虚拟化 platform based on the Xen Hypervisor. This hypervisor platform enables the creation and management of virtualized server infrastructure.
