什么是 BDD 测试？行为驱动开发框架

Given that a fund transfer module in net banking application has been developed
And I am accessing it with proper authentication

When I shall transfer with enough balance in my source account
Or I shall transfer on a Bank Holiday
Or I shall transfer on a future date
And destination a/c details are correct
And transaction password / rsa code / security authentication for the transaction is correct
And press or click send button

Then amount must be transferred
And the event will be logged in log file

Scenario: POST post example -> creating a new post item using the 'posts' service
Given I set post posts API endpoint          -> prerequisite: sets the URL of the posts service
When I set HEADER param request content type as "application/json"
And set request body
And send POST HTTP request                    -> the actual test step
Then I receive valid HTTP response code 201
And Response body "POST" is non-empty       -> verification of the response body

Feature: Test CRUD methods in Sample REST API testing framework

Background:
    Given I set sample REST API url

Scenario: POST post example
    Given I Set POST posts api endpoint
    When I Set HEADER param request content type as "application/json"
    And Set request Body
    And Send a POST HTTP request
    Then I receive valid HTTP response code 201
    And Response BODY "POST" is non-empty

Scenario: GET posts example
    Given I Set GET posts api endpoint "1"
    When I Set HEADER param request content type as "application/json"
    And Send GET HTTP request
    Then I receive valid HTTP response code 200 for "GET"
    And Response BODY "GET" is non-empty

Scenario: UPDATE posts example
    Given I Set PUT posts api endpoint for "1"
    When I Set Update request Body
    And Send PUT HTTP request
    Then I receive valid HTTP response code 200 for "PUT"
    And Response BODY "PUT" is non-empty

Scenario: DELETE posts example
    Given I Set DELETE posts api endpoint for "1"
    When I Send DELETE HTTP request
    Then I receive valid HTTP response code 200 for "DELETE"

# Decorator: the braced name captures a value from the feature file
@when(u'I Set HEADER param request content type as "{header_content_type}"')
def step_impl(context, header_content_type):
    # Step implementation: set the content type on the request header
    request_headers['Content-Type'] = header_content_type

from behave import given, when, then, step
import requests

api_endpoints = {}
request_headers = {}
response_codes = {}
response_texts = {}
request_bodies = {}
api_url = None

@given(u'I set sample REST API url')
def step_impl(context):
    global api_url
    api_url = 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com'

# START POST Scenario
@given(u'I Set POST posts api endpoint')
def step_impl(context):
    api_endpoints['POST_URL'] = api_url + '/posts'
    print('url :' + api_endpoints['POST_URL'])

@when(u'I Set HEADER param request content type as "{header_content_type}"')
def step_impl(context, header_content_type):
    request_headers['Content-Type'] = header_content_type

# "And" or "But" steps are renamed by behave to match their preceding step
@when(u'Set request Body')
def step_impl(context):
    request_bodies['POST'] = {"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": "1"}

@when(u'Send POST HTTP request')
def step_impl(context):
    # send the request and save the response object
    response = requests.post(url=api_endpoints['POST_URL'],
                             json=request_bodies['POST'],
                             headers=request_headers)
    response_texts['POST'] = response.text
    print("post response :" + response.text)
    response_codes['POST'] = response.status_code

@then(u'I receive valid HTTP response code 201')
def step_impl(context):
    print('Post rep code ;' + str(response_codes['POST']))
    assert response_codes['POST'] == 201
# END POST Scenario

# START GET Scenario
@given(u'I Set GET posts api endpoint "{id}"')
def step_impl(context, id):
    api_endpoints['GET_URL'] = api_url + '/posts/' + id
    print('url :' + api_endpoints['GET_URL'])

@when(u'Send GET HTTP request')
def step_impl(context):
    response = requests.get(url=api_endpoints['GET_URL'], headers=request_headers)
    response_texts['GET'] = response.text
    response_codes['GET'] = response.status_code

@then(u'I receive valid HTTP response code 200 for "{request_name}"')
def step_impl(context, request_name):
    print('Get rep code for ' + request_name + ':' + str(response_codes[request_name]))
    assert response_codes[request_name] == 200

@then(u'Response BODY "{request_name}" is non-empty')
def step_impl(context, request_name):
    print('request_name: ' + request_name)
    print(response_texts)
    assert response_texts[request_name] is not None
# END GET Scenario

# START PUT/UPDATE
@given(u'I Set PUT posts api endpoint for "{id}"')
def step_impl(context, id):
    api_endpoints['PUT_URL'] = api_url + '/posts/' + id
    print('url :' + api_endpoints['PUT_URL'])

@when(u'I Set Update request Body')
def step_impl(context):
    request_bodies['PUT'] = {"title": "foo", "body": "bar",
                             "userId": "1", "id": "1"}

@when(u'Send PUT HTTP request')
def step_impl(context):
    response = requests.put(url=api_endpoints['PUT_URL'],
                            json=request_bodies['PUT'],
                            headers=request_headers)
    response_texts['PUT'] = response.text
    print("update response :" + response.text)
    response_codes['PUT'] = response.status_code
# END PUT/UPDATE

# START DELETE
@given(u'I Set DELETE posts api endpoint for "{id}"')
def step_impl(context, id):
    api_endpoints['DELETE_URL'] = api_url + '/posts/' + id
    print('url :' + api_endpoints['DELETE_URL'])

@when(u'I Send DELETE HTTP request')
def step_impl(context):
    response = requests.delete(url=api_endpoints['DELETE_URL'])
    response_texts['DELETE'] = response.text
    print("DELETE response :" + response.text)
    response_codes['DELETE'] = response.status_code
# END DELETE

:: Run a single feature file with the pretty formatter
behave -f pretty features\feature_files_folder\Sample_REST_API_Testing.feature

:: Run every feature in the project
behave

:: 1. Install the formatter
pip install allure-behave

:: 2. Run the tests and write raw results to a folder
behave -f allure_behave.formatter:AllureFormatter -o reports/allure-results features/

:: 3. Render and open the HTML report
allure serve reports/allure-results