Web Application Testing: How to Test a Website? Types

โšก Akฤฑllฤฑ ร–zet

Web Application Testing verifies a website across functionality, usability, interface, database, compatibility, performance, security, and crowd checks before release, so defects surface in staging rather than in front of paying users.

  • ๐Ÿงฑ Know the architecture first: Single-page, multi-page, and progressive applications concentrate risk in different layers.
  • ๐Ÿ”— Start with functionality: Prove every link, form, cookie, and end-to-end workflow behaves correctly, including negative paths.
  • ๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธ Pair browsers with operating systems: Rendering shifts across Chrome, FirefoxSafari, Windows, macOS, and Linux, so cover your real traffic mix.
  • โšก Measure under load, not at rest: Baseline response times at normal traffic, then stress past the peak to find the break point.
  • ๐Ÿ” Close security gaps early: Block unauthorised page access, expire idle sessions, force encrypted pages, and scan for injection flaws.
  • ๐Ÿ” Automate the repeatable, explore the rest: Script regression and cross-browser suites, reserve testers for usability judgement.

Before we pen down more details on the types of web testing, let us quickly define web testing and see where it fits into the delivery cycle.

What is Web Application Testing?

Web Uygulama Testi, or website testing, is checking your web application or website for potential bugs before it is made live and is accessible to the general public. Web application testing checks the functionality, usability, security, compatibility, and performance of the web application or website.

During this stage, issues such as web application security, the functioning of the site, its access to handicapped as well as regular users, and its ability to handle traffic are checked.

A website is not one program. It is a stack: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in the browser, plus API'ler and databases on the server. A layer that passes alone can still fail once it talks to its neighbour, so web testing needs complementary techniques.

Types of Web Applications You Need to Test

Before choosing techniques, identify the architecture in front of you. The structure decides where defects concentrate and how you split effort between client and server.

Archidoku Nasฤฑl davranฤฑyor What this means for testing
Tek Sayfalฤฑ Uygulama (SPA) Loads once, then updates the view without full page reloads. Gmail works this way. Most logic ships to the browser: focus on JavaScript state, dynamic rendering, and client-side sessions.
Multiple-Page Application (MPA) Many pages reached through separate route URLs, rendered server-side. Common for e-commerce and news sites. Navigation paths multiply: test every route, form, and redirect end to end.
Progresif Web Uygulamasฤฑ (PWA) Runs like a native app using service workers, a manifest, and an app shell. Add offline behaviour, stale caches, push notifications, and install prompts.

Most products mix these patterns. Confirm which one you are dealing with, then work through the eight techniques below.

Web Uygulamasฤฑ veya Web Sitesi Nasฤฑl Test Edilir?

Yazฤฑlฤฑm MรผhendisliฤŸinde, web test gereksinimlerinize baฤŸlฤฑ olarak aลŸaฤŸฤฑdaki test tรผrleri/teknikleri gerรงekleลŸtirilebilir.

Each technique can be run manually or by script, and that choice drives cost more than coverage.

GรถrรผnรผลŸ Manuel test Otomatik test
En uygun kullanฤฑlabilirlik ve araลŸtฤฑrma รงekler Regression, cross-browser, load runs
Speed on repeat runs Slow; effort repeats every cycle Fast; the suite reruns on demand
Maliyet profili Low upfront, rises every release Higher upfront, then script maintenance

1. Bir Web Sitesinin ฤฐลŸlevsellik Testi

Bir Web Sitesinin ฤฐลŸlevsellik Testi kullanฤฑcฤฑ arayรผzรผ, API'ler, veritabanฤฑ testi, gรผvenlik testi, istemci ve sunucu testi ve temel web sitesi iลŸlevleri gibi รงeลŸitli test parametrelerini iรงeren bir sรผreรงtir. Fonksiyonel testler รงok kullanฤฑลŸlฤฑdฤฑr ve kullanฤฑcฤฑlarฤฑn hem manuel hem de otomatik test yapmasฤฑna olanak tanฤฑr. Web sitesindeki her รถzelliฤŸin iลŸlevselliฤŸini test etmek iรงin yapฤฑlฤฑr.

Web testing activities include:

test herลŸey baฤŸlantฤฑlar Web sayfalarฤฑnฤฑzda dรผzgรผn รงalฤฑลŸtฤฑฤŸฤฑndan ve bozuk baฤŸlantฤฑ olmadฤฑฤŸฤฑndan emin olun. Kontrol edilecek baฤŸlantฤฑlar ลŸunlarฤฑ iรงerecektir:

  • giden baฤŸlantฤฑlar
  • Dahili baฤŸlantฤฑlar
  • Anchor BaฤŸlantฤฑlar
  • MailBaฤŸlantฤฑlara

Test Formlarฤฑ beklendiฤŸi gibi รงalฤฑลŸฤฑyorlar. Bu ลŸunlarฤฑ iรงerecektir:

  • Formdaki komut dosyasฤฑ denetimleri beklendiฤŸi gibi รงalฤฑลŸฤฑyor. ร–rneฤŸin, bir kullanฤฑcฤฑ formdaki zorunlu bir alanฤฑ doldurmadฤฑฤŸฤฑnda bir hata mesajฤฑ gรถsterilir.
  • Varsayฤฑlan deฤŸerlerin doldurulup doldurulmadฤฑฤŸฤฑnฤฑ kontrol edin
  • Formlardaki veriler gรถnderildikten sonra canlฤฑ bir veritabanฤฑna gรถnderilir veya รงalฤฑลŸan bir e-posta adresine baฤŸlanฤฑr
  • Formlar daha iyi okunabilirlik iรงin en uygun ลŸekilde biรงimlendirilmiลŸtir

ร‡erezleri Test Et beklendiฤŸi gibi รงalฤฑลŸฤฑyorlar. ร‡erezler, web siteleri tarafฤฑndan รถncelikle aktif kullanฤฑcฤฑ oturumlarฤฑnฤฑ hatฤฑrlamak iรงin kullanฤฑlan kรผรงรผk dosyalardฤฑr, bรถylece bir web sitesini her ziyaret ettiฤŸinizde oturum aรงmanฤฑza gerek kalmaz. ร‡erez Testi ลŸunlarฤฑ iรงerecektir:

  • Test รงerezleri (oturumlar), รถnbellek temizlendiฤŸinde veya geรงerlilik sรผreleri dolduฤŸunda silinir.
  • ร‡erezleri (oturumlarฤฑ) silin ve siteyi bir sonraki ziyaretinizde oturum aรงma bilgilerinin sorulduฤŸunu test edin.

HTML ve CSS'yi test edin arama motorlarฤฑnฤฑn sitenizi kolayca tarayabilmesini saฤŸlamak. Bu ลŸunlarฤฑ iรงerecektir:

  • Sรถzdizimi Hatalarฤฑnฤฑ Kontrol Etme
  • Readable Renk ลžemalarฤฑ
  • Standart Uyumluluk. W3C, OASIS, IETF, ISO, ECMA veya WS-I gibi standartlarฤฑn takip edildiฤŸinden emin olun.

ฤฐลŸ akฤฑลŸฤฑnฤฑ test edinโ€“ Bu ลŸunlarฤฑ iรงerecektir

  • Kullanฤฑcฤฑyฤฑ tamamlamasฤฑ iรงin bir dizi web sayfasฤฑna yรถnlendiren uรงtan uca iลŸ akฤฑลŸฤฑ/iลŸ senaryolarฤฑnฤฑzฤฑ test etme.
  • Olumsuz senaryolarฤฑ da test edin; รถrneฤŸin, bir kullanฤฑcฤฑ beklenmedik bir adฤฑm gerรงekleลŸtirdiฤŸinde web uygulamanฤฑzda uygun hata mesajฤฑ veya yardฤฑm gรถsterilir.

Kullanฤฑlabilecek araรงlar: QTP , IBM rasyonel, Selenium

2. Kullanฤฑlabilirlik Testi

Kullanฤฑlabilirlik testi artฤฑk herhangi bir web tabanlฤฑ projenin hayati bir parรงasฤฑ haline geldi. Olabilir test uzmanlarฤฑ tarafฤฑndan gerรงekleลŸtirilen senin gibi veya kรผรงรผk bir odak grubu web uygulamasฤฑnฤฑn hedef kitlesine benzer.

test sitesi Navigasyon:

  • Sitenizdeki farklฤฑ sayfalara yรถnelik menรผler, dรผฤŸmeler veya baฤŸlantฤฑlar tรผm web sayfalarฤฑnda kolayca gรถrรผnรผr ve tutarlฤฑ olmalฤฑdฤฑr

test the ฤฐรงerik:

  • ฤฐรงerik, yazฤฑm veya dilbilgisi hatalarฤฑ olmadan okunaklฤฑ olmalฤฑdฤฑr.
  • Varsa gรถrseller bir "alternatif" metin iรงermelidir

Kullanฤฑlabilecek araรงlar: TebeลŸir, ฤฐรงindekiler, ve Clixpy

3. Arayรผz Testi

Once features and usability hold up, check that the tiers behind them talk to each other. Three areas to be tested here are โ€“ Application, Web and Database Server

  • Uygulama: Test istekleri Veritabanฤฑna doฤŸru ลŸekilde gรถnderilir ve istemci tarafฤฑndaki รงฤฑktฤฑ doฤŸru ลŸekilde gรถrรผntรผlenir. Varsa hatalarฤฑn uygulama tarafฤฑndan yakalanmasฤฑ ve son kullanฤฑcฤฑya deฤŸil, yalnฤฑzca yรถneticiye gรถsterilmesi gerekir.
  • web Sunucusu: Test Web sunucusu, tรผm uygulama isteklerini herhangi bir hizmet reddi olmadan ele alฤฑyor.
  • Veritabanฤฑ Sunucusu: Veritabanฤฑna gรถnderilen sorgularฤฑn beklenen sonuรงlarฤฑ verdiฤŸinden emin olun.

Test sistemi yanฤฑtฤฑ ne zaman รผรง katman arasฤฑndaki baฤŸlantฤฑ (Uygulama, Web ve Veritabanฤฑ) kurulamaz ve son kullanฤฑcฤฑya uygun mesaj gรถsterilir.

Kullanฤฑlabilecek araรงlar: Ranoreks

4. Veritabanฤฑ Testi

Veritabanฤฑ, web uygulamanฤฑzฤฑn kritik bir bileลŸenidir ve onu kapsamlฤฑ bir ลŸekilde test etmek iรงin stres atฤฑlmalฤฑdฤฑr. Test faaliyetleri ลŸunlarฤฑ iรงerecektir:

  • Sorgularฤฑ yรผrรผtรผrken herhangi bir hata gรถsterilip gรถsterilmediฤŸini test edin
  • Veri Integrity Veritabanฤฑnda veri oluลŸturulurken, gรผncellenirken veya silinirken korunur.
  • Sorgularฤฑn yanฤฑt sรผresini kontrol edin ve gerekirse bunlara ince ayar yapฤฑn.
  • Veritabanฤฑnฤฑzdan alฤฑnan test verileri web uygulamanฤฑzda doฤŸru ลŸekilde gรถsterilir

Kullanฤฑlabilecek araรงlar: QTP, Selenium

5. Uyumluluk Testi

Compatibility testing ensures your web application displays and behaves correctly across different devices. This includes:

Tarayฤฑcฤฑ Uyumluluk Testi: Aynฤฑ web sitesi farklฤฑ tarayฤฑcฤฑlarda farklฤฑ ลŸekilde gรถrรผntรผlenecektir. Web uygulamanฤฑzฤฑn tarayฤฑcฤฑlar arasฤฑnda doฤŸru ลŸekilde gรถrรผntรผlenip gรถrรผntรผlenmediฤŸini test etmeniz gerekir. JavaScript, AJAX ve kimlik doฤŸrulamasฤฑ dรผzgรผn รงalฤฑลŸฤฑyor. Ayrฤฑca ลŸunu da kontrol edebilirsiniz: Telefon Tarayฤฑcฤฑ UyumluluฤŸu.

DรผฤŸmeler, metin alanlarฤฑ vb. gibi web รถฤŸelerinin oluลŸturulmasฤฑ, deฤŸiลŸiklikle birlikte deฤŸiลŸir. OperaZamanlama Sistemi. Web sitenizin รงeลŸitli kombinasyonlar iรงin iyi รงalฤฑลŸtฤฑฤŸฤฑndan emin olun. Operagibi sistemler Windows, Linux, Mac ve Tarayฤฑcฤฑlar gibi Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari vb.

Kullanฤฑlabilecek araรงlar: Dynatrace

6. Performans Testi

This will ensure your site works under all loads. Testing activities will include but not limited to โ€“

  • Farklฤฑ baฤŸlantฤฑ hฤฑzlarฤฑnda web sitesi uygulamasฤฑ yanฤฑt sรผreleri
  • Normal ve yoฤŸun yรผkler altฤฑndaki davranฤฑลŸฤฑnฤฑ belirlemek iรงin web uygulamanฤฑzฤฑn yรผk testini yapฤฑn
  • YoฤŸun zamanlarda normal yรผklerin รถtesine itildiฤŸinde kฤฑrฤฑlma noktasฤฑnฤฑ belirlemek iรงin web sitenize stres testi yapฤฑn.
  • YoฤŸun yรผk nedeniyle bir kilitlenme meydana gelip gelmediฤŸini ve sitenin bu tรผr bir olaydan nasฤฑl kurtulacaฤŸฤฑnฤฑ test edin
  • Yรผkleme sรผrelerini azaltmak iรงin gzip sฤฑkฤฑลŸtฤฑrmasฤฑ, tarayฤฑcฤฑ ve sunucu tarafฤฑ รถnbelleฤŸi gibi optimizasyon tekniklerinin etkinleลŸtirildiฤŸinden emin olun

Kullanฤฑlabilecek araรงlar: Loadrunner, JMeter

7. Gรผvenlik Testi

Gรผvenlik Testi Kredi kartlarฤฑ gibi hassas mรผลŸteri bilgilerini saklayan e-ticaret siteleri iรงin hayati รถnem taลŸฤฑyor. Test Faaliyetleri ลŸunlarฤฑ iรงerecektir:

  • Gรผvenli sayfalara yetkisiz eriลŸime izin verilmemelidir
  • KฤฑsฤฑtlanmฤฑลŸ dosyalar uygun eriลŸim olmadan indirilemez
  • Kullanฤฑcฤฑnฤฑn uzun sรผre iลŸlem yapmamasฤฑ durumunda kontrol oturumlarฤฑ otomatik olarak sonlandฤฑrฤฑlฤฑr
  • SSL sertifikalarฤฑnฤฑn kullanฤฑmฤฑnda web sitesinin ลŸifreli SSL sayfalarฤฑna yรถnlendirilmesi gerekir.

Intruder

Intruder web uygulamalarฤฑnฤฑzda ve temel altyapฤฑnฤฑzda gizlenen birรงok zayฤฑf noktayฤฑ ortaya รงฤฑkarmanฤฑza yardฤฑmcฤฑ olacak gรผรงlรผ bir gรผvenlik aรงฤฑฤŸฤฑ tarayฤฑcฤฑsฤฑdฤฑr. Sektรถr lideri gรผvenlik kontrolleri, sรผrekli izleme ve kullanฤฑmฤฑ kolay bir platform sunan, Intruder her bรผyรผklรผkteki iลŸletmeyi bilgisayar korsanlarฤฑndan korur.

Intruder

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8. Kalabalฤฑk Testi

You will select a large number of people (crowd) to execute tests which otherwise would have been executed by a small in-house group. Crowdsourced testing is an interesting and upcoming concept and helps unravel many an unnoticed defect.

Kullanฤฑlabilecek araรงlar: Kalabalฤฑk Test Platformu

Web Application Testing Process: Step-by-Step

The eight techniques tell you what to check. The process below tells you when to run them.

  1. Gather and clarify requirements. List what the application must do and how it should behave. Ambiguous requirements produce untestable expectations, so resolve them first. This step anchors web testing in the wider yazฤฑlฤฑm testi yaลŸam dรถngรผsรผ.
  2. Write the test plan. Decide which techniques apply, who runs them, which tools are needed, and on what timeline. The plan is your roadmap and your estimate.
  3. Develop test cases. Turn each requirement into concrete steps with expected results, covering both the happy path and the negative scenarios users trigger by accident.
  4. Set up the test environment. Mirror production as closely as budget allows: the same browser and operating system pairs, comparable data volumes, realistic network speeds.
  5. Execute the tests. Run the cases, record actual against expected results, and capture screenshots, console output, and server logs while the failure is still reproducible.
  6. Rapor ve track kusur. Log each one with steps to reproduce and a priority, then retest after the fix and confirm nothing nearby broke.
  7. Close the cycle. Produce a test summary covering what was tested, what was found, what remains open, and what to improve, then sign off for release.

โš ๏ธ Plan the schedule, not just the tests: Web testing is arduous, and deadline pressure is the obstacle you hit first, followed by repeated code changes that invalidate finished work. Define every task in step 2 and build a work chart from it.

SSS

Web testing targets browser and operating system combinations, rendering, and server round trips. Mobil test adds device hardware, install and upgrade paths, interrupts such as calls, battery drain, gestures, and app store rules.

Browser inconsistency, device and screen diversity, dynamic pages that change per user, frequent releases that reopen old defects, and short deadlines. Prioritising by real traffic data and automating regression runs keeps scope manageable.

AI generates test cases from requirements, self-heals locators when the interface changes, prioritises which suites run after a commit, and flags visual differences. Yapay zeka test araรงlarฤฑ apply this to regression and cross-browser work.

Hayฤฑr. Generative AI testing tools speed up script writing and defect triage, but cannot judge whether a workflow feels confusing or decide what matters to users. Human testers still own usability and exploratory judgement.

Evet. EriลŸilebilirlik testi sits inside usability work and checks keyboard navigation, screen reader output, colour contrast, and alt text against WCAG. In many markets it is a legal requirement, not an optional extra.

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