SAP Charakterystyka BW i kluczowe liczby

⚡ Inteligentne podsumowanie

Characteristics and key figures in SAP BW define the structure of every query, where characteristics describe business dimensions and key figures hold the measurable values that formulas, calculated key figures, and restricted key figures refine for reporting.

  • 📊 Charakterystyka: Characteristics describe business dimensions such as customer, product, or time in a query.
  • 🔢 Kluczowe dane: Key figures hold the measurable values such as revenue, quantity, or cost.
  • 🎛️ Ustawienia wyświetlania: Display name, properties, and record options control how data appears to the user.
  • 💱 Konwersje: Currency translation and unit conversion let key figures combine across currencies and units.
  • 🧮 Formulas, CKF and RKF: Local formulas, calculated key figures, and restricted key figures refine reporting.
  • 🤖 Pomoc AI: SAP Analytics Cloud and Joule add natural-language queries and augmented insights.

SAP BW Characteristics and Key Figures

What Are Characteristics and Key Figures in SAP BW?

In SAP BW, a query is built from characteristics and key figures. Charakterystyka describe the business dimensions of the data, such as customer, product, or fiscal period. Kluczowe dane hold the measurable values, such as revenue, quantity, or cost.

The settings below control how characteristics and key figures are displayed and calculated, and how formulas, calculated key figures, and restricted key figures refine the results.

Ustawienia charakterystyki – nazwa wyświetlana

Domyślnie po dodaniu cechy do zapytania wyświetlany jest opis określony w SAP BW. It is possible to replace this with customized text as follows:

  1. Kliknij Właściwości.
  2. Wybierz kartę Ogólne.
  3. Wpisz Descriptjonowy.

SAP Characteristics Settings Display Name

Ustawienia charakterystyki – Właściwości wyświetlania

  1. Wybierz zakładkę Wyświetlanie w oknie właściwości wybranej cechy.
  2. The “Display as” option is used to display either only the Key, only the Text, or both Key and Text.
  3. If a characteristic has two or more of Short / Medium / Long Text populated, “Text View” is used to display the corresponding text.
  4. It is possible to sort data ascending or descending either by the characteristic or any of its attributes.
  5. The “Result Rows” option is used to show or hide the sub-total for the underlying characteristic.

Characteristics Settings Display Properties

Ustawienia charakterystyki – Wyświetl rekordy

The display option is used to define what data is viewed by the user during data selection (in filters) and after report execution.

  1. Wybierz zakładkę Zaawansowane w oknie właściwości wybranej cechy.
  2. Typ dostępu do wartości wyników. Wybierz jedną z tych wartości.
  • “Posted values” shows only records that have some transactions associated with them.
  • “Master Data” displays all master data records irrespective of whether a transaction exists for them. It is ineffective if used with zero suppression.
  1. Wybór wartości filtra. Wybierz jedną z tych wartości.
  • Only Posted Values for Navigation: the system displays only posted values from the current navigational state.
  • Only Values in InfoProvider: the system displays only values contained in the InfoProvider.
  • Values in Master Data Table: faster, but may result in zero records matching the selection criteria.

Characteristics Settings Display Records

Ustawienia kluczowych figurek – nazwa wyświetlana

Domyślnie, gdy do zapytania dodawana jest figura kluczowa, wyświetlany jest opis określony w SAP BW. It is possible to replace this with customized text as follows:

  1. Kliknij Właściwości.
  2. Wybierz kartę Ogólne.
  3. Wpisz Descriptjonowy.

SAP Key Figure Settings Display Name

Ustawienia kluczowych figurek – Właściwości wyświetlania

  1. Wybierz zakładkę Wyświetlanie w oknie właściwości wybranej figury kluczowej.
  2. Ukryć:
  • The options “Always Show” and “Always Hide” are self-explanatory.
  • “Hide (Can be Shown)” keeps a key figure hidden in the default output, but the user can later display it using filters.
  1. Number of Decimal places can be used to restrict the decimals displayed in the report.
  2. Scaling factor is used to show data in thousands, hundreds, and so on.
  3. The sign of key figures can be reversed if required. For example, Sales Quantity is a negative movement from the inventory perspective but positive from the sales perspective.

SAP Key Figure Settings Display Properties

Kluczowe ustawienia liczbowe – przeliczanie walut lub jednostek

BW does not allow cumulating amounts in different units, for example one rupee to one dollar or one kilogram to one yard. When data exists in multiple currencies or units, all records must be converted to a single currency or unit using Currency Translation or Unit Conversion. The translation can be dynamic (using a selection screen variable) or static (with the target currency or unit hardcoded). The advantage of doing this in SAP BW polega na tym, że bezpośrednio importuje współczynniki konwersji dostępne w SAP ERP.

  1. Wybierz kartę Konwersje.
  2. W przypadku przeliczania walut można zastosować tę opcję.
  3. W przypadku konwersji jednostek można użyć tej opcji.

Przeliczanie walut lub jednostek

Ustawienia kluczowych liczb – Agregacja

Projektant zapytań gives the flexibility of calculating aggregates such as average, summation, and minimum. Similar calculations can also be performed on row-level data.

  1. Wybierz zakładkę Obliczenia.
  2. Select from the different options available under the drop-down of “Calculate Results As”.

SAP Key Figure Settings Aggregation

Kluczowe liczby – formuła lokalna

BW allows the use of formulas on data coming from the InfoProvider to provide calculated values to the user, for example subtracKoszt tingu od Revenue to calculate Profit.

Steps to Create a Formula

Krok 1)

  1. Right click on the structure “Key Figure”.
  2. Click on “New Formula”.

SAP Steps to Create Formula

Krok 2) Click on the edit button of the properties box to create or edit a local formula.

SAP Steps to Create Formula

Krok 3) Do najczęściej używanych operatorów w BW należą:

  • Dodatek, podpunkttraction, Multiplication, and Division.
  • NODIM displays key figures without their corresponding unit.
  • NOERR displays zero instead of an error message, for example zero instead of a division-by-zero error.
  • %GT shows the value of a key figure as a percentage of the total value.
  1. In the “Detail View” box, enter the formula.
  2. Użyj operatorów z „Opera„pole typu „tors”.

SAP Steps to Create Formula

Kluczowe dane — obliczona kluczowa liczba

If the same calculation is required for multiple reports, it can be mapped to the InfoProvider instead of being created individually in each query. Such a key figure is called a “Calculated Key Figure” or CKF.

Once defined, it can be dragged into a query like any other key figure. The biggest advantage of this approach is that it enables global definitions of common calculated KPIs.

Kroki tworzenia obliczonej wartości kluczowej:

  1. Navigate to the InfoProvider section.
  2. Right click on the Key Figures folder.
  3. Wybierz opcję „Nowa obliczona wartość kluczowa”.

SAP Key Figures Calculated Key Figure

Kluczowe dane – kluczowa liczba z ograniczeniami

Restricted Key Figures (RKF) can be used to selectively apply filters to a specific KPI in the report, but not to the entire report, for example splitting sales into columns such as YTD (Year To Date) Sales and PYTD (Previous Year To Date) Sales.

Krok 1)

  1. Navigate to the InfoProvider section.
  2. Right click on the Key Figures folder.
  3. Wybierz opcję „Nowa kluczowa figura z ograniczeniami”.

SAP Key Figures Restricted Key Figure

Krok 2) Click on the edit button of the properties box to create or edit an RKF.

SAP Key Figures Restricted Key Figure

Krok 3) Na kolejnym ekranie należy wprowadzić co najmniej jedną cyfrę kluczową i jedną cechę, aby utworzyć znaczący RKF.

  1. The key figure which is to be restricted.
  2. The characteristic may be restricted by a selection screen variable to make it a “Dynamic” RKF.
  3. It may also be restricted by a constant, for example year = 2008. In the screenshot, version is restricted with the constant value “1”.

SAP Key Figures Restricted Key Figure

Podobnie jak CKF, RKF są również globalne dla InfoProvider i mogą być ponownie wykorzystywane w wielu zapytaniach przy użyciu tego samego InfoProvider.

FAQ

A calculated key figure applies a formula to existing key figures, such as revenue minus cost. A restricted key figure filters a single key figure by a characteristic value, such as year-to-date sales. Both are global to the InfoProvider.

A free characteristic is included in a query but not shown in the initial result. Users can drag it into rows or columns during navigation to drill down, giving flexible analysis without changing the query definition.

Exception aggregation defines how a key figure is summarized differently from standard summation, for example showing a counter, a last value, or an average per characteristic such as headcount per month rather than a running total.

AI w SAP Analytics Cloud adds augmented analytics: Smart Insights explains figures, Smart Discovery finds drivers, and the Just Ask feature answers natural-language questions, helping users explore BW data without building queries manually.

Increasingly, yes. Machine learning and the SAP Joule AI copilot can suggest key figures, propose calculated and restricted key figures, and recommend query structures, helping report designers build and optimize BW queries faster.

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