Samouczek Django: Funkcje, Architechura i historia

Django powers some of the largest sites on the web while keeping everyday development fast and organized. Before exploring its features, architecture, and history, the sections below start with the basics of web frameworks and what makes Django distinct.

Podsumowanie samouczka Django

This Django tutorial covers all the basic topics from scratch. In this tutorial, you will learn concepts such as what Django is, its history, its features, the characteristics of the Django framework, the components of Django, its advantages and disadvantages, and much more.

Before learning Django, let us understand:

Co to jest framework sieciowy?

A web framework is a code library that helps you build a flexible, scalable, and maintainable dynamic website, web app, or web service. Different web frameworks include Zend for PHP, Ruby on Rails for Ruby, and others.

Co to jest Django?

Django to framework do tworzenia stron internetowych dla Python which offers standard methods for fast and effective website development. The primary goal of this high-level web framework is to create complex database-driven websites. It helps you build and maintain quality web applications. It enables you to make the development process smooth and time-saving for rapid development.

Dlaczego Django? Kluczowe zalety Django

Oto główne zalety Django:

• Django is easy to set up and run. It offers a variety of options to get started.
• It provides a ready-to-use user interface for administrative activities.
• It enables multilingual websites by using its built-in internationalization system.
• It helps you to meet massive traffic demands quickly.
• Django is used to build all types of content management systems, social networks, as well as scientific computing platforms.
• Django helps you to provide end-to-end application testing.
• It helps you to document your API with an HTML output.
• The REST framework has rich support for several authentication protocols.
• It offers permissions and throttling policies.
• Jest szeroko stosowany w przypadku żądań API ograniczających szybkość transmisji od jednego użytkownika.

Historia Django

Rok	Kamień milowy
2003	The project was started by Adrian Holovaty and Simon Willison as an internal project at the Lawrence Journal-World newspaper.
Lipiec 2005	It was released in July 2005 as “Django,” named after the jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt.
Czerwiec 2008	It was declared that a Django Software Foundation (DSF) będzie utrzymywać Django.
29 July 2009	Django 1.1 was released with features like aggregates and transaction-based tests.
17 maja 2010 roku	Django 1.2 was released. The update offered features like multiple databases and an email backend, and improvements were made for sessions and cookies.
Marzec 23 2011	The 1.3 version introduced features like class-based views and static files.
Marzec 23 2012	The 1.4 version launched with new features like time zones and in-browser testing.
Luty 26 2013	The 1.5 version came with Python 3 support and configurable user model features.
Listopada 6 2013	The 1.6 version came with database transaction management and connection pooling features.
2 września 2014	The 1.7 version had new features like application loading, migrations, and configuration.
Kwiecień 1 2015	Native support was provided for multiple template engines.
1 grudzień 2015	In the 1.9 version, an automatic password validation feature was introduced.
Sierpnia 1 2016	In the 1.10 version, full-text search for PostgreSQL została uruchomiona.
Kwiecień 4 2017	The 1.11 version became the last version to support Python 2.7.
2 grudzień 2017	Version 2.0 became the first Python 3-only release version.
Sierpnia 1 2018	Version 2.1 came with model “view” permission support features.
2021	Removed support for Django 3.0 and added Django 3.2 support.

Now in this Django for beginners tutorial, let us learn about the features of Django.

Cechy Django

Poniżej znajdują się funkcje Django:

• Pomaga zdefiniować wzorce dla URLs in your application.
• Proste, ale skuteczne URL pomimo napiętego harmonogramu
• Built-in authentication system.
• An object-oriented programming language database which offers best-in-class data storage and retrieval.
• The automatic admin interface feature allows the functionality of adding, editing, and deleting items. You can customize the admin panel as per your need.
• The cache framework comes with multiple cache mechanisms.

Now in this Django framework tutorial, we will learn about the characteristics of Django.

Charakterystyka Django

Oto główne cechy Django:

• Luźno powiązane – Django helps you to make each element of its stack independent of the others.
• Less kod – Ensures effective development.
• Not repeated – Everything should be developed in precisely one place instead of repeating it again.
• Szybki rozwój – Django offers fast and reliable application development.
• Spójny projekt – Django maintains a clean design and makes it easy to follow the best web development practices.

W dalszej części tego samouczka dla początkujących użytkowników Django poznamy architekturę tego pakietu.

Django Archiarchitektura: MVC i MVT

Poniżej znajduje się szczegółowa architektura Django:

Django Architektura

Wzór MVC

When talking about applications which provide a UI (web or desktop), we usually talk about MVC architecture. The MVC pattern is based on Model, View, and Controller.

Model defines the data structure and takes care of querying the database.

Zobacz definiuje, jakie dane mają być prezentowane i zwraca odpowiedź HTTP.

kontroler is the part of the application that handles the user interaction.

Wzorzec Django MVC-MVT

The Model-View-Template (MVT) is a different concept compared to MVC. The main difference between these two architectural patterns is that Django itself manages the Controller part (the software code that controls the interactions between the Model and View). The template is an HTML file which is mixed with a Django Template Language file, also called DTL.

The diagram below shows how all the components of the MVT pattern interact with each other to serve a specific user request.

MVT Architektura

As seen in the diagram above, a user requests a resource from Django. Django acts as a controller and checks for the available resource in the URL.

Jeśli URL maps, a view is called that interacts with the model and template. Django then responds to the user and sends a template as a response.

Now in this Django tutorials for beginners series, we will learn about the components of Django.

Komponenty Django

Forma

Django posiada potężną bibliotekę formularzy, która obsługuje renderowanie formularzy jako HTML. Biblioteka pomaga w sprawdzaniu poprawności przesłanych danych i konwertowaniu ich do formatu Python rodzaje.

Uwierzytelnianie

It handles user accounts, groups, cookie-based user sessions, and more.

Admin

Odczytuje metadane z Twoich modeli, aby zapewnić solidny interfejs, którego można używać do zarządzania treścią w Twojej witrynie.

Umiędzynarodowienie

Django provides support for translating text into various languages, and locale-specific formatting of dates, times, numbers, and time zones.

Ochrona

Django provides safeguards against the following attacks:

• Fałszerstwo żądań między lokacjami (CSRF)
• Cross-site scripting
• SQL injection
• Clickjacking
• Zdalne wykonanie kodu

Znane firmy korzystające z Django

Here are companies that are using Django:

• Bitbucket
• Disqus
• NASA
• PBS (nadawanie publiczne)
• Pinterest
• Instagram
• Mozilla
• The Washington Post
• The New York Times
• Los Angeles Times
• The Guardian
• National Geographic
• Discovery Channel

Wady korzystania z Django

Here are some disadvantages of using Django:

• A single process cannot handle multiple requests simultaneously.
• Django is a very monolithic tool.
• Components get deployed together, which can create confusion.
• Knowledge of the full system is needed to work on Django.
• It makes web application components tightly coupled.
• Do drobnych zadań potrzebne jest długie programowanie.

FAQ