Selenium Firefox Profilo: Guida all'installazione

Selenium Firefox Profile

Firefox profile è la raccolta di impostazioni, personalizzazioni, componenti aggiuntivi e altre impostazioni di personalizzazione che possono essere eseguite su Firefox Browser. Puoi personalizzare Firefox profilo adatto al tuo Selenium requisito di automazione.

Inoltre Firefox o qualsiasi altro browser gestisce le impostazioni dei certificati SSL. Quindi automatizzarli ha molto senso insieme al codice di esecuzione del test.

In short a profile is a user’s personal settings. When you want to run a reliable automazione su una Firefox browser, it is recommended to make a separate profile. A dedicated profile also keeps your everyday browsing data out of the test run, which is the first thing to rule out when a Selenium script behaves differently on two machines.

Posizione della cartella del profilo nel disco

Firefox profile è proprio come i diversi utenti che utilizzano Firefox. Firefox saves personal information such as bookmarks, passwords, and user preferences which can be edited, deleted or created using the profile manager.

The screenshot below shows a profile folder as it appears on disk, named after the profile with a random prefix.

La posizione del profilo è la seguente

• Per Windows > C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\profile_name.default
• Per Linux > ~/.mozilla/firefox/profile_name.default/
• For Mac OS X > ~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profili/nome_profilo.default/

Per eseguire un successo Selenium Prova, A Firefox il profilo dovrebbe essere –

• Facile da caricare
• Impostazioni proxy, se necessario
• Altre impostazioni specifiche dell'utente in base alle esigenze di automazione

Come impostare Firefox Profilo per Selenium Test

Let us see step by step how to create a Firefox profilo.

Passo 1) Chiudi il Firefox del browser

In the first step, close Firefox if it is already open. The profile manager will not start while a Firefox window is running.

Passo 2) Apri corsa (Windows tasto + R) e digitare firefox.exe –p

The Run dialog should look like the screenshot below before you press OK.

Note: If it does not open you can try using full path enclosed in quotes.

• On 32 bit Windows: “C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe” –p
• On 64 bit Windows (32 bit Firefox): “C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe” –p

Passo 3) Scegli il profilo utente

Now, a dialogue box named Firefox will open, as shown below.

Passo 4) Crea il tuo profilo

Select the Create Profile option shown in the next screenshot to start the wizard.

Ora seleziona l'opzione Crea profilo dalla finestra e si aprirà una procedura guidata. Fare clic su Avanti.

Passo 5) Dai il nome del tuo profilo

Type a name for the automation profile in the field highlighted below and finish the wizard.

Ora il tuo profilo è pronto, puoi selezionare il tuo profilo e aprirlo Firefox. From here the profile behaves like any other browser session, so a primo script WebDriver will run against it unchanged.

Noterai che il nuovo Firefox la finestra non mostrerà nessuno dei segnalibri e delle icone dei preferiti.

Note: The last selected profile, will load automatically at next Firefox lancio. Sarà necessario riavviare il gestore profili se desideri modificare i profili.

Script di automazione per Selenium

With the profile created, the next step is to load it from code. To access newly created Firefox profile in a Selenium WebDriver software test, we need to use WebDriver’s inbuilt class ProfilesIni and its method getProfile as shown below.

⚠️ Nota sulla versione: the snippets in this section are the original Selenium 2 form. In current Selenium releases the class lives in org.openqa.selenium.firefox.ProfilesIni - Il .internal sub-package was dropped — and the profile is handed to the driver through FirefoxOptions. See the FirefoxOptions section below for the modern equivalent.

Selenium codice per il profilo

This is a code to implement a profile, which can be embedded in the Selenium codice.

ProfilesIni profile = new ProfilesIni();

// questo creerà un oggetto per il Firefox tuo profilo

FirefoxProfile myprofile = profile.getProfile("xyzProfile");

// questo inizializzerà il file Firefox autista

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(myprofile)

Let us see the implementation of this code in the following examples.

Firefox Esempio di profilo 1

The first example loads a profile by name. The screenshot below shows the same script inside the editor.

// import the package
import java.io.File;
      import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
      import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
      import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.internal.ProfilesIni;
public class FirefoxProfile {
 	public static void main(String[] args) {
	ProfilesIni profile = new ProfilesIni();
	FirefoxProfile myprofile = profile.getProfile("xyzProfile");
// Initialize Firefox driver
	WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(myprofile);
//Maximize browser window
	driver.manage().window().maximize();
//Go to URL which you want to navigate
	driver.get("http://www.google.com");
//Set  timeout  for 5 seconds so that the page may load properly within that time
	driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//close firefox browser
	driver.close();
}

}

Spiegazione del codice

Di seguito è riportata la spiegazione del codice riga per riga.

• Code line 2-7: First of all we need to import the package required to run the Selenium codice.
• Code line 8: Make a public class “FirefoxProfilo."
• Code line 9: Make an object (you need to have basic knowledge of OOPs concepts).
• Code line 10-11: We need to initialize Firefox profile with the object of myprofile.
• Code line 13: Create object for Firefox.
• Code line 15: Maximize window.
• Code line 17: driver.get is used to navigate to the given URL.
• Code line 19: Set timeout is used to wait for some time so that browser may load the page before proceeding to next page.
• Code line 21: Close Firefox.

Let us see one more example.

Firefox Esempio di profilo 2

The second example skips profiles.ini and points at the profile folder directly, as the editor screenshot shows.

import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.internal.ProfilesIni;

public class FirefoxProfile2{
public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create object for FirefoxProfile
	FirefoxProfilemyprofile=newFirefoxProfile (newFile("\c:users\AppData\MozillaFirefoxProfile_name.default "));  
// Initialize Firefox driver    
	WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(myprofile);
//Maximize browser window       
	driver.manage().window().maximize();
//Go to URL      
	driver.get("http://www.google.com");
//Set  timeout      
	driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//close firefox browser  
	driver.close();
    }

Spiegazione del codice

Di seguito è riportata la spiegazione del codice riga per riga.

• Code line 1-6: First of all we need to import the package required to run the Selenium codice.
• Code line 8: Make a public class FirefoxProfile2.
• Code line 12: Make the object of myprofile by referring to the exact path.
• Code line 14: Create object for Firefox.
• Code line 16: Maximize window.
• Code line 18: driver.get is used to navigate to the given URL.
• Code line 20: Set timeout is used to wait for some time so that browser may load the page before proceeding to next page.
• Code line 22: Close Firefox.

Note that the path in this snippet is written exactly as the original tutorial shows it. On a real machine the backslashes must be escaped, for example “C:\\Users\\guru99\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\xyzProfile.default”.

Come usare a Firefox profili in Selenium 4 con FirefoxOpzioni

Both examples above compile only against Selenium 2. Two things changed afterwards, and every current tutorial uses the newer form.

• ProfilesIni moved out of the interno sub-package, so the import is now org.openqa.selenium.firefox.ProfilesIni.
• Migliori FirefoxDriver(FirefoxProfile) constructor was removed. The profile is attached to a FirefoxOptions object and the options object is passed to the driver.
• Selenium 4 timeouts take a java.time.Duration instead of a value plus a TimeUnit, so implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS) becomes implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(5)).

The table below maps each legacy call to its replacement.

Rewritten against a current release, Example 1 looks like this.

import java.time.Duration;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.ProfilesIni;

public class FirefoxProfileSelenium4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ProfilesIni allProfiles = new ProfilesIni();
        FirefoxProfile myprofile = allProfiles.getProfile("xyzProfile");

        FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
        options.setProfile(myprofile);

        WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(5));
        driver.get("https://www.google.com");
        driver.quit();
    }
}

The profile lookup itself is unchanged: ProfilesIni still reads profiles.ini from the Firefox application-data folder and getProfile still returns null when the name does not match a profile, so a null check is worth adding before the driver starts. The same options object also carries the arguments used elsewhere, such as the ones for maximizing or resizing the browser window.

Come impostare Firefox Profile Preferences in Selenium

A saved profile is only half the story. Most automation needs a handful of preferences applied in code so the same behaviour follows the suite onto any machine. The setPreference method writes those values into the profile copy before Firefox lancia.

FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setPreference("browser.download.folderList", 2);
profile.setPreference("browser.download.dir", "C:\\selenium-downloads");
profile.setPreference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk", "application/pdf");
profile.setPreference("dom.webnotifications.enabled", false);
profile.setPreference("intl.accept_languages", "es");

FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
options.setProfile(profile);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);

The preferences below cover the cases that come up most often in day-to-day scripting.

Two limits are worth knowing. Preferences must be set before the driver is created, because WebDriver copies the profile at launch and later changes are ignored. WebDriver also reserves a small set of preferences it needs in order to talk to the browser, and it overwrites those whatever you assign. Because those values live in the profile rather than in the script, they also carry across a test su più browser run without any change to the test code.

Uncommon Firefox Profile Errors in Selenium e come risolverli

Profile problems usually surface as a compile error or as a browser that opens with the wrong settings. The table lists the failures reported most often, along with what causes each one.

If the browser starts correctly but the script still fails afterwards, the profile is probably not the cause. Working through gestione delle eccezioni in Selenium is usually the faster route from that point.

DOMANDE FREQUENTI