Što je NFT? Kako rade NFT-ovi?
Eliza Thornton
⚡ Pametni sažetak
What is an NFT? An NFT, or non-fungible token, is a unique cryptographic asset recorded on a blockchain. Its identification codes and metadata prove authenticity and ownership, making each token impossible to replicate.
Što je NFT?
NFT je kratica za 'non-fungible token'. NFT-ovi su kriptografska imovina u digitalnoj knjizi koja se naziva blockchain. NFT-ovi sadrže jedinstvene identifikacijske kodove i metapodatke koji ih međusobno razlikuju.
However, unlike cryptocurrencies, you cannot trade or exchange NFTs equivalently. This makes them different from fungible tokens like cryptocurrencies, which are identical to each other. That is why bitcoins and altcoins can serve as a medium of exchange for commercial transactions, while NFTs cannot.
Što je zamjenjivost?
Zamjenjivost je sposobnost koja pomaže razmjeni imovine sa sličnom imovinom bez gubitka vrijednosti. Definira karakteristike imovine, poput djeljivosti i vrijednosti.
Na primjer, jedan Bitcoin uvijek je jednak drugome Bitcoin, just like one dollar is equivalent to another dollar. Similarly, if you lend your friend a $20 note, he/she does not need to repay that money with the same $20 note – any $20 note will do.
Nezamjenjive stvari nisu međusobno zamjenjive i imaju jedinstvena svojstva. To ih čini drastično različitima, iako možda izgledaju slični jedni drugima.
There are several examples of nonfungible items in the real world, such as drama event tickets, paintings, etc. For example, two paintings may look similar, but they may have different levels of rarity. Similarly, front-row theatre tickets are much more valuable than tickets for the back row.
Koje su karakteristike NFT-ova?
Nezamjenjivi tokeni su neizmjerno moćni tokeni koji omogućuju fleksibilne metode za predstavljanje nezamjenjive imovine na blockchainu.
Glavne karakteristike NFT-ova su:
- jedinstven: NFT tokens contain coded information that describes each token’s properties and makes it unique from other tokens. For example, a piece of digital art might have coded information about its pixels, while tokenized in-game items store details like which player owns an item and its other attributes.
- Tracmoguće: All non-fungible tokens have a record of transactions on the blockchain from their creation, including every time they changed hands. That means each token is verifiably authentic. This is particularly important for owners and potential buyers of tokens.
- Rijetko: Za izradu nezamjenjivih tokena natractive for buyers, their supply should be limited. This makes the assets more desirable for a longer period, and also, the supply should not exceed demand.
- Nedjeljivo: NFTs cannot be transacted as fractions of a whole, just as one cannot purchase half of a concert ticket or trading card. Moreover, you cannot split non-fungible tokens into smaller denominations.
- Programabilni: Kao i sva tradicionalna digitalna imovina i tokeni izgrađeni na pametnoj konverzacijitracKao i blockchaini, NFT-ovi su također programabilni.
Kratka povijest NFT-ova
NFT tokens have been around longer than most people realize. After Bitcoin pokrenut je 2009. i početna eksplozija vrsta tokena poput Ethereum, Ripplei Litecoin, many people were looking to innovate on blockchain technology to create newer and more powerful tokens.
Evo kratke povijesti NFT-ova:
Kovani novčići
The earliest non-fungible tokens were colored coins, which Yoni Assia first proposed in March 2012. These were small Bitcoin jedinice zvane satoshi koje su bile "obojene" specifičnim atributima razvijenim korištenjem Bitcoin’s scripting language. In this way, a satoshi (the smallest portion of a bitcoin) could represent any asset you can imagine.
ugovorna strana
ugovorna strana was founded in 2014. It built on the idea of colored coins to issue non-fungible and semi-fungible tokens, and it supports many features that allow robust asset creation and trading platforms.
In 2015, the mobile game Spells of Genesis became the first game to issue in-game assets onto a blockchain. In 2016, the trading card game Force of Will – then the fourth most popular trading card game in North America, behind household names such as Magic: The Gathering, Pokémon, and Yu-Gi-Oh! – launched its cards on Counterparty.
However, blockchain-based game assets would continue to emerge. Another major innovation came in 2016, when people started issuing limited edition Rare Pepes on Counterparty, based on the popular meme character Pepe the Frog.
Kriptoputići
John Watkinson and Matt Hall created Kriptoputići in June 2017. It was one of the first non-fungible token projects on the Ethereum blockchain. The project was developed by the American studio Larva Labs and was acquired by Yuga Labs in 2022.
CryptoPunks founders allowed anyone to claim the Punks for free. Different Punk types and attributes have different rarities, and certain combinations of rare or desirable traits make some Punks especially valuable.
CryptoKitties
CryptoKitties osnovana je u listopadu 2017. Bila je to virtualna igra koja je igračima omogućila uzgoj, uzgoj i razmjenu virtualnih mačaka s jedinstvenim genomima, koji su utjecali na njihov izgled.
During the late-2017 boom, CryptoKitties rose exponentially in value, with one rare CryptoKitty selling for 600 ETH. The project made appearances on mainstream media everywhere, including CNN, CNBCi Financial Times.
Kako funkcioniraju NFT-ovi?
NFTs are immutable tokens that use blockchain infrastructure. With the help of this technology, digital storage of all visual, written, and audio works can be achieved. Many NFT tokens are part of the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum is a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin i Litecoin as well as an infrastructure for launching your own blockchain projects, and it natively supports NFTs. Since September 2022, Ethereum has run on a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism, which cut the network’s energy consumption by over 99% compared to its earlier proof-of-work system.
Each NFT has metadata processed with a cryptographic hash function, an algorithm that computes a unique string of letters and numbers. NFTs also help you to create asset interoperability across numerous platforms. Also read – Kako rudariti Ethereum
Važni standardi za nezamjenjive tokene (NFT)
Postoji više okvira u više mreža za stvaranje i izdavanje nezamjenjivih tokena. NFT-ovi su interoperabilni, što znači da se mogu razmjenjivati ili trgovati različite razmjene s lakoćom.
Evo nekoliko važnih NFT standarda:
ERC-721
ERC-721 is a widely used token standard originally proposed in 2017 and written in Solidity (a programming language) on the Ethereum blockchain. It was the first widely adopted standard for creating non-fungible tokens for digital collectibles.
ERC-1155
ERC-1155 je poboljšani standard tokena koji omogućuje pametne prevare.tracts to manage fungible and non-fungible tokens at the same time. This token standard helps identifiers represent multiple classes of assets.
Kako prenijeti nezamjenjivi token
You can transfer non-fungible tokens in the same way as cryptocurrencies. Some of them may vary in the degree to which they can be transferred and traded. Most NFTs can be traded within their existing game or creation platform, and blockchains make ownership and trading of NFTs easy on open marketplaces.
The blockchain’s open marketplace style helps non-fungible tokens to be transferred between users. For example, they can be sold in auctions or placed for sale in exchange for cryptocurrency. Blockchain technology creates a digital record of each transaction for the non-fungible asset.
Prednosti NFT-ova
Advantages of NFTs are:
- Prenosivi su: Za razliku od kriptovaluta kojima se trguje na burzi, NFT se mogu kupiti ili prodati na posebnim tržnicama. Međutim, njihova vrijednost ovisi o njihovoj jedinstvenosti.
- Oni su autentični: Non-fungible tokens are powered by blockchain technology that makes NFTs genuine. Therefore, it is almost impossible to create counterfeits with a decentralized and immutable ledger.
- Očuvati vlasnička prava: NFTs use decentralized platforms where no one can change the ownership record once it is programmed.
Risks and Limitations of NFTs
While NFTs open new possibilities for digital ownership, they also carry risks that beginners should understand before buying or minting a token.
Market volatility is the most visible risk. The value of an NFT depends entirely on what buyers are willing to pay, and prices can fall sharply when demand fades, as the market decline after 2021 showed. An NFT also proves ownership of a token, not necessarily copyright over the underlying artwork, so buyers should always check which rights a purchase actually includes.
Fraud is another concern. Scammers sometimes mint tokens of artwork they do not own, a practice known as copyminting, or abandon projects after collecting funds. Storage adds a final limitation: if the image linked to an NFT is hosted on an ordinary web server rather than a decentralized network such as IPFS, that file can disappear even though the token itself remains on the blockchain.
Najbolji NFT projekti
Evo nekoliko najboljih NFT projekata:
- OpenSea : It is one of the most popular marketplaces for NFT art and collectibles. This platform has listed items ranging from ENS to virtual land or pets. This marketplace allows you to purchase using several virtual currencies like ETH and DAI.
- Rarible : Rarible is a community-focused marketplace for non-fungible token artwork. Apart from buying and selling NFTs, you can also create your own tokens on it. The platform rewards active users with its RARI governance token, which gives them a voice in platform decisions.
- Ethereum Name Service : ENS je projekt usluge naziva domena koji je zaživio sredinom 2017. godine. Nazivi ETH domena su NFT-ovi koji koriste EthereumStandard ERC-721 i njime se može trgovati NFT tržnice.
- Decentraland : To je jedno od vodećih tržišta koje se fokusira na distribuirani virtualni svijet. Na ovoj stranici sudionici mogu kupiti virtualno zemljište. Također mogu stvarati virtualne scene, umjetnička djela itd. uz pomoć jednostavnog alata Builder i sudjelovati u događajima kako bi osvojili nagrade. Štoviše, svaki "stanovnik" ima posebnu identifikacijsku digitalnu putovnicu.
- Tezos : It is an open-source blockchain platform for digital assets and applications. It helps you create smart contracts i izgraditi decentralizirane aplikacije koje treće strane ne mogu cenzurirati ili ugasiti.
NFT primjeri
In theory, the scope for NFTs is anything unique that requires provable ownership.
Evo nekoliko primjera NFT-ova koji danas postoje kako biste lakše shvatili ideju:
