Τι είναι SAP QM? Quality Management Module
Ολίβια Τέρνερ
⚡ Έξυπνη Σύνοψη
SAP QM (Quality Management) is the SAP ERP module that plans, records and evaluates quality checks across procurement, production and sales, and it shares its data with every other logistics module.
Τι είναι SAP QM (Διαχείριση Ποιότητας);
SAP QM σημαίνει SAP Quality Management. It is an integral part of several key business processes of SAP such as material management, plant maintenance, production, procurement and sales. SAP Quality Management is used mainly in the logistics functions of SAP through its integration with the other components.
SAP itself is an enterprise-wide business software package designed to integrate each area of a business, so all business processes are interconnected. A change in one department has an impact on the others, and because the system works in real time, a quality result recorded by an inspector is immediately available to purchasing, production and sales.
SAP contains many modules, such as SD, MM, PP, QM, FICO, PM, WM and HR, and each one is connected to the others. SAP Το QM είναι μια βασική ενότητα του SAP ERP and it covers three areas.
Ποιοτικός Σχεδιασμός
- Basic master data for quality management.
- Inspection planning using the inspection plans of materials, which standardizes quality planning across plants.
Διασφάλιση Ποιότητας
- Quality inspection is performed through inspection lot processing. During this process the quality results are captured, and a usage decision is taken to accept or reject the inspection lot.
- Quality certificates of analysis are issued for the inspected material.
Ποιότητα
- Σε SAP QM quality notification, the root cause analysis is done for the identified defect.
- The SAP QM information system is where you analyze reports such as vendor evaluation, the list of quality notifications and quality charts.
Επιχειρηματικές διαδικασίες σε SAP QM
Those three areas come together in three business processes. Here are the main business processes of the SAP Quality Management module.
Διαχείριση Ποιότητας στις Προμήθειες
SAP Quality Management is fully integrated with the purchasing and inventory management processes.
It consists of a receiving inspection, in which the material is received against a purchase order. An inspection lot is triggered if the material is flagged for a quality check in its material master.
Quality results are entered against master inspection characteristics. Depending on whether the results are within or outside the tolerance limits, a usage decision to accept or reject the inspection lot is taken.
The stock posting from quality inspection stock to another stock category is then done in the SAP σύστημα.
Διαχείριση Ποιότητας στην Παραγωγή
SAP Quality Management also connects to the production and inventory management processes.
Καλύπτει επιθεωρήσεις κατά τη διάρκεια της διαδικασίας, where an inspection lot is triggered on release of the σειρά παραγωγής.
Σε μία inspection after production, the inspection lot is triggered after the goods receipt is posted from the production order.
In-process inspections are not relevant to inventory, whereas an inspection after production involves a stock posting from quality inspection stock to another stock category.
Both cases run as inspection lot processing: quality results are entered against master inspection characteristics, and the usage decision to accept or reject follows from those results.
Ειδοποιήσεις ποιότητας
In this process you record how defects found during a quality inspection are analyzed and captured in a SAP κοινοποίηση ποιότητας.
The notification holds the root cause analysis of the problem found during the inspection, together with the corrective tasks that prevent it from happening again.
For in-process inspections you can also raise an internal quality notification and record the problem analysis there.
Οφέλη της SAP Διαχείρισης Ποιότητας
SAP QM provides the following benefits for a company at various levels:
- Quality is integrated with procurement and production, which gives more control over the process.
- Planning support through the use of inspection plans.
- Monitoring of vendor and customer complaints by implementing corrective tasks in quality notifications.
- Automation of the quality certificates that are printed during the sales delivery to customers.
SAP QM Master Data
None of those processes start until the quality master data exists. Master data is created once, at plant level, and then reused by every inspection so that two inspectors measure the same material in the same way.
- Master inspection characteristic (QS21) — the specification that is measured, such as length, width or viscosity, with its tolerance limits.
- Inspection method (QS31) — the procedure used to carry out the measurement.
- Sampling procedure (QDV1) — the rule that decides how large a sample is drawn from the lot.
- Code group and catalog (QS41) — the coded lists of defect types, causes and usage decisions.
- Inspection plan (QP01) — the task list that groups the characteristics into operations for a material and plant.
- Quality info record (QI01) — the release of a vendor to supply a given material.
The master inspection characteristics tutorial walks through the creation of this data in detail.
Inspection Types and Inspection Lot Origins
Master data describes what to measure; the inspection type decides when SAP creates the inspection lot. Inspection types are activated per material on the Quality Management view of the material master, and each one belongs to an inspection lot origin that is delivered by SAP and cannot be created new.
| Τύπος επιθεώρησης | Προέλευση | Lot is created when |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | 01 – Goods receipt from purchase order | A goods receipt is posted against a purchase order |
| 03 | 03 – In-process inspection | The production or process order is released |
| 04 | 04 – Goods receipt from production | The goods receipt from the production order is posted |
| 08 | 08 – Stock transfer | Stock is transferred between plants or storage locations |
| 10 | 10 – Delivery to customer | An outbound delivery is created in sales |
| 89 | 89 – Manual inspection | A user creates the lot manually in QA01 |
If two inspection types with the same origin are active for one material, an indicator marks the preferred one, so only a single lot is created per event.
σημαντικό SAP QM Transaction Codes
These are the transactions a quality user opens most often. They are grouped by the phase they belong to, which makes them easier to remember than an alphabetical list.
| Κωδικός Τ | Περιγραφή | Φάση |
|---|---|---|
| QS21 / QS23 | Create and change a master inspection characteristic | Ποιοτικός προγραμματισμός |
| QS31 | Create an inspection method | Ποιοτικός προγραμματισμός |
| QP01 / QP02 | Create and change an inspection plan | Ποιοτικός προγραμματισμός |
| QI01 | Create a quality info record for procurement | Ποιοτικός προγραμματισμός |
| QA01 / QA32 | Create an inspection lot and process the worklist | Διασφάλιση ποιότητας |
| QE51N | Record inspection results | Διασφάλιση ποιότητας |
| QA11 | Record the usage decision | Διασφάλιση ποιότητας |
| QM01 / QM02 | Create and change a quality notification | Ποιοτικός έλεγχος |
All of these transactions still run in SAP S/4HANA. Alongside them SAP ships role-based Fiori apps such as Manage Inspection Lots, Record Inspection Results and the Quality Engineer Overview page, which read the same data from the underlying tables.
Στη συνέχεια, θα εξετάσουμε κάθε φάση του SAP QM and learn how to operate the module, starting with quality master data και στη συνέχεια το incoming inspection of a material.
