SAP Charakteristika a klíčové údaje BW

⚡ Chytré shrnutí

Characteristics and key figures in SAP BW define the structure of every query, where characteristics describe business dimensions and key figures hold the measurable values that formulas, calculated key figures, and restricted key figures refine for reporting.

  • 📊 Charakteristika: Characteristics describe business dimensions such as customer, product, or time in a query.
  • 🔢 Klíčové postavy: Key figures hold the measurable values such as revenue, quantity, or cost.
  • 🎛️ Nastavení obrazovky: Display name, properties, and record options control how data appears to the user.
  • 💱 Konverze: Currency translation and unit conversion let key figures combine across currencies and units.
  • 🧮 Formulas, CKF and RKF: Local formulas, calculated key figures, and restricted key figures refine reporting.
  • 🤖 Asistence AI: SAP Analytics Cloud and Joule add natural-language queries and augmented insights.

SAP BW Characteristics and Key Figures

What Are Characteristics and Key Figures in SAP BW?

In SAP BW, a query is built from characteristics and key figures. charakteristika describe the business dimensions of the data, such as customer, product, or fiscal period. Klíčové postavy hold the measurable values, such as revenue, quantity, or cost.

The settings below control how characteristics and key figures are displayed and calculated, and how formulas, calculated key figures, and restricted key figures refine the results.

Nastavení charakteristik – Zobrazovaný název

Ve výchozím nastavení, když je do dotazu přidána charakteristika, zobrazí se popis zadaný v SAP BW. It is possible to replace this with customized text as follows:

  1. Klikněte na Vlastnosti.
  2. Select the General tab.
  3. zadejte Descriptiontů.

SAP Characteristics Settings Display Name

Nastavení charakteristik – Vlastnosti zobrazení

  1. Vyberte kartu Zobrazení v okně vlastností vybrané charakteristiky.
  2. The “Display as” option is used to display either only the Key, only the Text, or both Key and Text.
  3. If a characteristic has two or more of Short / Medium / Long Text populated, “Text View” is used to display the corresponding text.
  4. It is possible to sort data ascending or descending either by the characteristic or any of its attributes.
  5. The “Result Rows” option is used to show or hide the sub-total for the underlying characteristic.

Characteristics Settings Display Properties

Nastavení charakteristik – Zobrazení záznamů

The display option is used to define what data is viewed by the user during data selection (in filters) and after report execution.

  1. Vyberte záložku Upřesnit v okně vlastností vybrané charakteristiky.
  2. Typ přístupu pro hodnoty výsledků. Vyberte jednu z těchto hodnot.
  • “Posted values” shows only records that have some transactions associated with them.
  • “Master Data” displays all master data records irrespective of whether a transaction exists for them. It is ineffective if used with zero suppression.
  1. Výběr hodnoty filtru. Vyberte jednu z těchto hodnot.
  • Only Posted Values for Navigation: the system displays only posted values from the current navigational state.
  • Only Values in InfoProvider: the system displays only values contained in the InfoProvider.
  • Values in Master Data Table: faster, but may result in zero records matching the selection criteria.

Characteristics Settings Display Records

Nastavení klíčového obrázku – Zobrazovaný název

Ve výchozím nastavení, když je k dotazu přidán klíčový obrázek, zobrazí se popis uvedený v SAP BW. It is possible to replace this with customized text as follows:

  1. Klikněte na Vlastnosti.
  2. Select the General tab.
  3. zadejte Descriptiontů.

SAP Key Figure Settings Display Name

Nastavení klíčového obrázku – Vlastnosti zobrazení

  1. Vyberte kartu Zobrazení v okně vlastností vybraného klíčového obrázku.
  2. Skrýt:
  • The options “Always Show” and “Always Hide” are self-explanatory.
  • “Hide (Can be Shown)” keeps a key figure hidden in the default output, but the user can later display it using filters.
  1. Number of Decimal places can be used to restrict the decimals displayed in the report.
  2. Scaling factor is used to show data in thousands, hundreds, and so on.
  3. The sign of key figures can be reversed if required. For example, Sales Quantity is a negative movement from the inventory perspective but positive from the sales perspective.

SAP Key Figure Settings Display Properties

Nastavení klíčového čísla – Převod měn nebo jednotek

BW does not allow cumulating amounts in different units, for example one rupee to one dollar or one kilogram to one yard. When data exists in multiple currencies or units, all records must be converted to a single currency or unit using Currency Translation or Unit Conversion. The translation can be dynamic (using a selection screen variable) or static (with the target currency or unit hardcoded). The advantage of doing this in SAP BW spočívá v tom, že přímo importuje konverzní faktory dostupné v SAP ERP.

  1. Vyberte kartu Konverze.
  2. Pro převod měn lze tuto možnost použít.
  3. Tuto možnost lze použít pro převod jednotek.

Převod měn nebo jednotek

Nastavení klíčového obrázku – agregace

Návrhář dotazů gives the flexibility of calculating aggregates such as average, summation, and minimum. Similar calculations can also be performed on row-level data.

  1. Vyberte kartu Výpočty.
  2. Select from the different options available under the drop-down of “Calculate Results As”.

SAP Key Figure Settings Aggregation

Klíčové údaje – Místní vzorec

BW allows the use of formulas on data coming from the InfoProvider to provide calculated values to the user, for example subtracCena od Revenue to calculate Profit.

Steps to Create a Formula

Krok 1)

  1. Right click on the structure “Key Figure”.
  2. Click on “New Formula”.

SAP Steps to Create Formula

Krok 2) Click on the edit button of the properties box to create or edit a local formula.

SAP Steps to Create Formula

Krok 3) Některé z běžných operátorů používaných v BW zahrnují:

  • Sčítání, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division.
  • NODIM displays key figures without their corresponding unit.
  • NOERR displays zero instead of an error message, for example zero instead of a division-by-zero error.
  • %GT shows the value of a key figure as a percentage of the total value.
  1. In the “Detail View” box, enter the formula.
  2. Použijte operátory z „Operators“ krabice.

SAP Steps to Create Formula

Klíčové údaje – Vypočítaný klíčový údaj

If the same calculation is required for multiple reports, it can be mapped to the InfoProvider instead of being created individually in each query. Such a key figure is called a “Calculated Key Figure” or CKF.

Once defined, it can be dragged into a query like any other key figure. The biggest advantage of this approach is that it enables global definitions of common calculated KPIs.

Kroky k vytvoření vypočítaného klíčového obrázku:

  1. Navigate to the InfoProvider section.
  2. Right click on the Key Figures folder.
  3. Vyberte možnost „Nový vypočítaný klíčový obrázek“.

SAP Key Figures Calculated Key Figure

Klíčové postavy – Klíčová postava s omezeným přístupem

Restricted Key Figures (RKF) can be used to selectively apply filters to a specific KPI in the report, but not to the entire report, for example splitting sales into columns such as YTD (Year To Date) Sales and PYTD (Previous Year To Date) Sales.

Krok 1)

  1. Navigate to the InfoProvider section.
  2. Right click on the Key Figures folder.
  3. Vyberte možnost „New Restricted Key Figure“.

SAP Key Figures Restricted Key Figure

Krok 2) Click on the edit button of the properties box to create or edit an RKF.

SAP Key Figures Restricted Key Figure

Krok 3) Na následující obrazovce musí být zadána alespoň jedna klíčová postava a jedna charakteristika, aby byla smysluplná RKF.

  1. The key figure which is to be restricted.
  2. The characteristic may be restricted by a selection screen variable to make it a “Dynamic” RKF.
  3. It may also be restricted by a constant, for example year = 2008. In the screenshot, version is restricted with the constant value “1”.

SAP Key Figures Restricted Key Figure

Stejně jako CKF jsou RKF také globální pro InfoProvider a lze je znovu použít ve více dotazech pomocí stejného InfoProvider.

Nejčastější dotazy

A calculated key figure applies a formula to existing key figures, such as revenue minus cost. A restricted key figure filters a single key figure by a characteristic value, such as year-to-date sales. Both are global to the InfoProvider.

A free characteristic is included in a query but not shown in the initial result. Users can drag it into rows or columns during navigation to drill down, giving flexible analysis without changing the query definition.

Exception aggregation defines how a key figure is summarized differently from standard summation, for example showing a counter, a last value, or an average per characteristic such as headcount per month rather than a running total.

AI v SAP Analytics Cloud adds augmented analytics: Smart Insights explains figures, Smart Discovery finds drivers, and the Just Ask feature answers natural-language questions, helping users explore BW data without building queries manually.

Increasingly, yes. Machine learning and the SAP Joule AI copilot can suggest key figures, propose calculated and restricted key figures, and recommend query structures, helping report designers build and optimize BW queries faster.

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